C. Merle Crawford is a professor of marketing at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor; Gerard J. Tellis, formerly a sales development manager for Johnson & Johnson, is a research assistant and Ph.D. candidate at Michigan. This exhaustive listing and classification of the literature and arguments on technological innovation contributes toward the discussion of an issue vital to the United Sta...

We analyze the relationship between legal institutions, innovation and growth. We compare a rigid (law set ex-ante) legal system and a flexible one (law set after observing current technology). The flexible system dominates in terms of welfare, amount of innovation and output growth at intermediate stages of technological development periods when legal change is needed. The rigid system is pref...

During the past decade, the World Economic Forum has published its annual reports in which the Global Competitiveness Index is included. This paper aims to investigate the key factors for achieving an innovation-driven economy. In this paper, we used partial canonical correlation analysis (PCCA) to examine the relationships between key pillars in “efficiency enhancers” and “business sophisticat...

Although standards can inhibit innovation under certain circumstances, recent research shows that, more generally, they play critical roles in supporting technological innovation and industrial emergence. Hence, there has been an increasing interest in advancing knowledge of the roles of standards in emerging technologies; however, there is as yet limited understanding of how and when different...

We examine the view that the success of emerging technologies may be understood using a technological innovation systems analysis, drawing on a system functions approach. This is done in the context of a case study of the successful diffusion of biomass digestion technology in Germany. We show that that all system functions that are claimed to be important within the innovation systems approach...

Patents are the main source of data on innovation. Since most of the innovative activity happens outside of the patenting system, and since patents −and innovationshave different quality, complexity, and impact on each market, unweighted sums of patents and proxies are an imperfect indicator of a country’s innovative activity. I generate two very simple indices of innovation (one dependent on t...

KEY CONCEPT Th t hibit ll b f EPOCH f t bl NASA’s Mission to “pioneer the future in space exploration, scientific discovery and aeronautics research” requires technological innovation; yet current performance is inadequate (fig 1). Although multiple innovation system have been tried (fig 2), there remains a fundamental lack of understanding of how innovation actually happens in institutions lik...

This paper explores the relationship between firms’ strategies to share knowledge with their innovation system and innovative performance. The empirical analysis showed that many firms designed strategies to share technological knowledge with competitors, and those firms that shared knowledge with their innovation system earned higher innovative performance than firms that did not share knowled...