Results are reported of teats on a two-dimensional external com-presslon intake having a design Mach number of 2.0. A pressure rccovory of 93 per cent was measured with 3.3 per cent bleed from the ramp surface at the throat. The introduotlon of a small contractlon in the throat unproved the stable sub-crltlcal margin of the u&&e. The test Reynolds number based on free stream oondltions and Inta...

background: teat lacerations are serious injuries thatendanger the survival of a cow within the herd. in excessivelacerations, the wound should be left to heal by second intentionhealing process. however, tissue contraction during healing canchange the alignment of the teat, creating problems for machinemilking. objectives: the purpose of the present study was toevaluate the transplantation of ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the advances in the Brazilian norm for commercialization of infant foods from 1988 to 2002, comparing the different texts with each other and with the International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes. METHODS This was a descriptive study based on data collected from documents, reports, ordinances and resolutions from the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The versions...

The study was carried out in a pedigree herd of 8 boars and 207 sows of the Polish Landrace breed. The polymorphism of the ESR gene was found by means of the PCR-RFLP method. The amplification resulted in a product of 120 base pairs. The product was then digested with the PvuII restriction enzyme. The two alleles of the ESR gene were identified – ESRA allele – 120 bp, ESRB – 65 and 55 bp. The f...

This study was conducted on a three-year-old Sphynx breed female cat which was brought to the clinic for masses on the teats. The medical history showed that these masses had developed slowly within the period of six months to one year. Following the clinical examination, these masses were removed via surgery. They were between 0.6 cm and 1.5 cm in diameter. Ulcer areas 2 mm to 5 mm in size wer...

Machine milking, like a good marriage, is an exercise in compromise. Obsession with one goal at the expense of the others is seldom the optimal solution. The main goals of machine milking are to remove the available milk from each cow's udder quickly and completely, without slipping or falling, with minimum discomfort to the cow and minimum damage to her teats. Balancing these goals requires co...

The prevention of bovine mastitis is the most important component of a mastitis control program, and both preand postmilking teat antisepses are the most effective procedures for preventing new intramammary infections (IMI) in dairy cows. These procedures involve dipping teats of dairy cows before and after milking with an appropriate germicidal preparation to reduce teat skin colonization and ...

Observations of 17 heifer-calf pairs were collected over the first 5 days postpartum (p.p.) to study nursing and maternal behaviour beef cattle. Cattle managed in a 6 ha paddock heifer–calf interactions determined from both regular visual observations video recordings. Of potential calves, one was stillborn 3 died p.p. associated with dystocia congenital malformation. Four further neonatal calf...

The prevention of bovine mastitis is the most important component of a mastitis control program, and both preand postmilking teat antisepses are the most effective procedures for preventing new intramammary infections (IMI) in dairy cows. These procedures involve dipping teats of dairy cows before and after milking with an appropriate germicidal preparation to reduce teat skin colonization and ...

the physiological study was carried out to determine the relation between of risk factors and occurrence of infectious mastitis disease that associated in 453 indigenous dairy cattle in farms nearby the tehran. milk samples were collected for mastitis detection by california mastitis test (cmt) .the analysis of results revealed significant association between body weight, udders depth, teats le...