Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) contains a tat gene which is closely related to the trans-activator genes of the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. Nucleotide sequence analysis of EIAV cDNA clones revealed that the tat mRNA is composed of three exons; the first two encode Tat and the third may encode a Rev protein. Interestingly, EIAV Tat translation is initiated at a non-AUG codo...

Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus 1 is a potent trans-activator of viral gene expression. We show that purified Tat protein stimulates transcription from viral promoters greater than 10-fold in vitro. A Tat protein mutant that does not trans-activate in vivo did not stimulate transcription in vitro. Tat trans-activation required a functional TAR RNA sequence; trans-activation was comp...

In this study we report that primary cultures of rat fetal neurons contain subpopulations of cells that may be sensitive or resistant to HIV-1 Tat neurotoxicity. We demonstrate that rapid binding/uptake of Tat 1-86 for 2 h was sufficient to trigger caspase activation and neurodegeneration in rat fetal midbrain cell cultures. The uptake of Tat was followed by an increase in MCP1 (CCL2) immunorea...

The Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activates transcription following binding to nascent trans-activation response (TAR) RNA downstream of the transcription start site. Because Tat functions when bound to RNA, and in a position-dependent manner, it has been proposed that Tat works by a novel mechanism. Here, we perform a series of protein fusion experiments that revea...

Tat specific factor 1 (Tat-SF1) interacts with components of both the transcription and splicing machineries and has been classified as a transcription-splicing factor. Although its function as an HIV-1 dependency factor has been investigated, relatively little is known about the cellular functions of Tat-SF1. To identify target genes of Tat-SF1, we utilized a combination of RNAi and exon-speci...

The long terminal repeat (LTR) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drives highly efficient gene expression in the presence of the transactivator, Tat. Thus, tat-containing vectors may be very useful tools in gene therapy. However information about the optimal way of delivering the tat gene is limited. In this study, we compared the effects of cis and trans expressions of the tat gene and ...

We have determined the concentrations of two tumor-associated trypsinogen (TAT) isoenzymes, called TAT-1 and TAT-2, in human ovarian tumor cyst fluid using monoclonal antibody-based immunofluorometric assays specific for each isoenzyme. TAT-1 and TAT-2 are immunologically indistinguishable from the two pancreatic trypsinogen isoenzymes, cationic trypsinogen (-1) and anionic trypsinogen (-2). Ou...

BACKGROUND The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transactivator (Tat) protein has been linked to the development and course of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) associated with acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome (AIDS-KS). Tat is an 86-101 amino-acid protein encoded by two exons. To evaluate the growth-promoting effects of Tat in AIDS-KS in vivo, we developed transgenic mice expressing th...

Vaccination of cynomolgus monkeys with the biologically active HIV-1 Tat protein induces specific Th1 responses, including CTLs. Similar responses are also induced by vaccination with tat DNA, but not by vaccination with inactivated Tat or Tat peptides. This suggested that the native Tat protein may act differently on APC as compared with inactivated Tat or peptide Ag. In this study, we show th...

Covid 19 enfeksiyonun klinik bulguları tanınmaya başladıkça tat ve koku bozukluklarının da oldukça sık rastlanan semptomlardan oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Mekanizmaları halen kesin olarak ortaya konulmamıştır. Koku bozukluğu içi ilk tedavi rehberi yayınlanmış olup geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Tat için ise henüz algoritması yetersizdir.