We describe a method to fabricate tapered glass nozzles suitable for liquid-jet-target generation in laser-plasma soft x-ray and extreme ultraviolet sources. In the method, a tapered nozzle is formed as an integral part of a flexible capillary glass tubing. The method makes use of inert materials, extending the possible choice of target liquids compared to current nozzles. It also provides flex...

BACKGROUND We performed a dosimetric comparison of spot-scanning proton therapy (SSPT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to investigate the impact of tumor size on the risk of radiation induced liver disease (RILD). METHODS A number of alternative plans were generated for 10 patients with HCC. The gross tumor volumes (GTV) varied from 20.1 to ...

Introduction: Phyllosilicates have been detected on the surface of Mars by both OMEGA/MEx and by CRISM/MRO [1-3]. Phyllosilicates have been found in some of the oldest terrains on Mars and are thought to date back to the Noachian era. These clays have especially been detected in the ejecta and central peaks of small impact craters [4, 5]. The exact processes that occurred to form these clays ar...

PURPOSE To investigate how objects (flankers) placed on either side of a target affect reaching and grasping behavior in visually impaired (VI) subjects due to macular disorders compared with age-matched normals. METHODS Subjects reached out to grasp a cylindrical target placed on its own and when it had two identical objects (flankers) placed either half or one target diameter away on each s...

carbon spheres were fabricated by hydrothermal method and their structural properties were investigated. carbon spheres with average sizes around of 230, 320 and 430 nm were synthesized in different concentration of glucose aqueous solution and different hydrothermal reaction time. the temperature of 180 °c by a hydrothermal reaction was fixed in all of glucose concentration and hydrothermal re...

the average distance of a vertex $v$ of a connected graph $g$is the arithmetic mean of the distances from $v$ to allother vertices of $g$. the proximity $pi(g)$ and the remoteness $rho(g)$of $g$ are defined as the minimum and maximum averagedistance of the vertices of $g$. in this paper we investigate the difference between proximity or remoteness and the classical distanceparameters diameter a...

Forests are influenced by many disturbances, especially drought, windthrow, pest attacks, air pollution, and forest management. The climate change results in increasing frequency of weather extremes which will probably cause drought stresses in European forest ecosystems. By integrating several new features within the BROOK90 model, smallscale coupled process-based modeling was carried out for ...

Motor learning has traditionally been associated with the concept of automaticity. Automaticity refers to the reduction of the cognitive effort required to perform a motor task, as learning progresses. However, there is little detailed consensus in the literature on what the process of automatization actually involves. We measured tracking performance in two groups of participants while either ...

We investigated over what central area disparity in a random dot stereogram is integrated to stimulate an initial vergence response. Vergence was measured subjectively, with a forced choice dichoptic nonius vernier task following a brief (230 msec) stimulus presentation. Stimuli were random-dot stereograms showing a central circular disc of 12.5 min arc crossed retinal disparity in front of, an...