Tamoxifen (TAM), a nonsteroidal antiestrogen, is used in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. Previous studies, however, have indicated that some human breast and endometrial tumors are stimulated to grow with TAM in the athymic mouse. One such TAM-stimulated tumor is the EnCa101 human endometrial adenocarcinoma. Our aim was to evaluate the ability of different doses of TAM or other nonster...

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been regarded as deactivator for macrophages. However, the depressive effect of VIP on tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) has not been recognized. In the present study, we investigated the effect of VIP on gastric cancer via TAM by suppressing expression levels of TNFα, IL-6, IL-12 and iNOS. Real-time PCR was carried out to examine the expression of CD68 ...

The vitamin E analogue alpha-tocopheryl succinate (alpha-TOS) is an efficient anti-cancer drug. Improved efficacy was achieved through the synthesis of alpha-tocopheryl maleamide (alpha-TAM), an esterase-resistant analogue of alpha-tocopheryl maleate. In vitro tests demonstrated significantly higher cytotoxicity of alpha-TAM towards cancer cells (MCF-7, B16F10) compared to alpha-TOS and other a...

The use of dietary isoflavone supplements by postmenopausal women with breast cancer is increasing. We investigated interactions between the soy isoflavone, genistein, and an antiestrogen, tamoxifen (TAM), on the growth of estrogen (E)-dependent breast cancer (MCF-7) cells implanted in ovariectomized athymic mice. We hypothesized that weakly estrogenic genistein negate/overwhelm the inhibitory ...

Recent evidence indicates that the antiestrogen tamoxifen (TAM) may inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation, at least in part, through suppression of the polyamine (PA) pathway. To directly test this hypothesis, we evaluated the effect of TAM administration on ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, the rate-limiting enzyme in PA synthesis, as well as cellular PA levels in the hormone-responsi...

The use of dietary isoflavone supplements by postmenopausal women with breast cancer is increasing. We investigated interactions between the soy isoflavone, genistein, and an antiestrogen, tamoxifen (TAM), on the growth of estrogen (E)-dependent breast cancer (MCF-7) cells implanted in ovariectomized athymic mice. We hypothesized that weakly estrogenic genistein negate/overwhelm the inhibitory ...

This study was designed to investigate the role of protein kinase C (PKC) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling in tamoxifen (TAM)-induced apoptosis and drug resistance in human breast cancer cells. Drug-sensitive, or estrogen receptor (ER)-positive human breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7) and the multi-drug-resistant variant (ER-negative) MCF-7/ADR cells were treated wit...

We have demonstrated previously that cisplatin (DDP) and tamoxifen (TAM) act synergistically to kill human melanoma T-289 cells, and that the observed synergy is lost in the 3-fold TAM-resistant subline, 289/TAM6. We have identified the intracellular antiestrogen-binding sites (AEBSs), defined by their ability to bind antiestrogens while having no affinity for estrogen, as a possible mediator o...

This paper proposes a configurable TAM-Bus, a P1500 compliant Test Access Mechanism (TAM), and the TAMBus controller (TAM-controller) that is interfaced with JTAG at chip level of chip. All IP (Intellectual Property) cores’ test can be controlled through the TAP under the control of the TAM-controller. The test architecture we presented has been implemented in an industry SoC. The test coverage...

The effects of the antiestrogen tamoxifen (TAM) on the growth of two hormone-sensitive human tumors have been examined in athymic mice. The endometrial tumor, EnCalOl, was stimulated to grow by TAM either alone or when combined with estradiol. This contrasted with the nonstimulation of the breast tumor, MCF-7, by TAM alone and the antago nist action of TAM on estradiol-stimulated growth of MCF-...