objective: it has been shown that silybum marianum or its extracts have hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects. nitric oxide (no) plays an important role in neurotransmission, neuroprotection, neurotoxicity and pathological pain, as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the central nervous system. therefore, this experiment was performed in orde...

Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioid compounds are widely used in the releif of pain, they are not always useful due to their side effects. It seems necessary to search for newer analgesic compounds. Therefore, we decided to study the analgesic effects of this plant. For extraction, percolation method was used and different weights of dried extract were dissolved i...

BACKGROUND There is on going controversy on the effect of experimentally induced hypertension on nociception. The effect of salt-loading-induced hypertension on pain was studied in male rats. METHOD Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats (160-280 g) were divided into two groups. Group A (n = 12) was treated with normal-feed diet (control), while group B (n = 12) was treated with 8% salt-loaded ...

in the present study the effects of both cck receptor agonists and antagonists on antinociception induced by morphine in the tail-flick test have been evaluated. m orphine induced dose-dependent antinociception in mice. the response of morphine was potentiated by sulfated cholecystokinin-8 (cck-8s) but not by unsulfated cholecystokinin-8 (cck-8u). the cck receptor antagonists mk-329 and l-365, ...

Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioid compounds are widely used in the releif of pain, they are not always useful due to their side effects. It seems necessary to search for newer analgesic compounds. Therefore, we decided to study the analgesic effects of this plant. For extraction, percolation method was used and different weights of dried extract were dissolved i...

Recently, vast studies have been focused on the antinociceptive and anesthetic effects of α2 adrenergic receptors, using specific drugs such as medetomidine and dexmedetomidine. In the present study, we tried to assess the peripheral and central effects of dexmedetomidine in phasic and tonic pain, on rats, using tail flick and formalin tests. Dexmedetomidine, administered intraperitoneally (25,...

Immunophilins are abundantly present in the brain as compared to the immune system. Immunophilin-binding agents like FK506 are known to inactivate neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) by inhibiting calcineurin and decrease the production of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is involved in the mediation of nociception at the spinal level. In the present study, the effect of FK506 on the tail flick res...