The value of frost tolerance in wheat is increased with decreasing the temperature in late autumn and/or early winter (phase I, acclimation), then shows plateau state for a period with the coldest temperature (II), finally appears to decrease with warming the temperature (III, de-acclimation). This study was aimed to determine the threshold frost hardiness in wheat for avoiding ...

Heather (Calluna 6ulgaris) was grown in pots in a natural heathland soil and exposed in outdoor fumigation chambers (‘solardomes’) to 40 nl l of both nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) simultaneously. Plants exposed to NO2 and SO2 for 8 months over a growing season (February–November) showed increases in the growth of shoots (+37%) and the whole plant (+15%) and a raised ratio of ...

abstract temperature is the most important environmental factor that affects flowering and fruiting. the temperatures induce reproduction and cause damaging to tree or its crop.this paper analyzed daily minimum temperatures 0.0oc, and maximum temperatures 12.5 oc from october 1 to may 31 at nine sites in olive producing and cultivating regions, and one control station, using thermal adaptabilit...

Local adaptations to environmental conditions are of high ecological importance as they determine distribution ranges and likely affect species responses to climate change. Increased environmental stress (warming, extreme drought) due to climate change in combination with decreased genetic mixing due to isolation may lead to stronger local adaptations of geographically marginal than central pop...

The infl uence of vernalization temperature and duration and devernalization treatments on subsequent growth and fl ower development of Campanula ‘Birch Hybrid’ and Leucanthemum ×superbum Bergman ex J. Ingram ‘Snow Cap’ was determined. In the vernalization experiment, plants of ‘Birch Hybrid’ were vernalized at 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, or 10 °C for 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks. ‘Snow Cap’ was vernalized at 0, 2....

Frost damage to the flowers and early developing fruits is one of the most limiting factors in almond cultivation regions of the world. This study was undertaken to understand almond response to frost damage concerning ion leakage in order to develop a criterion for the selection of frost-resistant cultivars in field experiments. In this work, 60 almond cultivars and genotypes on the basis fros...

Low temperatures in the autumn induce enhanced expression/relative accumulation of several cold-inducible transcripts/proteins with protective functions from Late-embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) superfamily including dehydrins. Several studies dealing plants grown under controlled conditions revealed a correlation (significant quantitative relationship) between dehydrin transcript/protein relative...

The Dhn5 gene is the major cold-inducible dehydrin gene in barley. This study deals with the relationship between Dhn5 gene expression and its protein product accumulation, and the development of frost tolerance (FT) upon cold acclimation (CA) in 10 barley cultivars of different growth habits and geographical origins. The activation of Dhn5 gene expression was determined by quantitative reverse...

Responses to prolonged low-temperature treatment of imbibed seeds (vernalization) were examined in barley (Hordeum vulgare). These occurred in two phases: the perception of prolonged cold, which occurred gradually at low temperatures, and the acceleration of reproductive development, which occurred after vernalization. Expression of the VERNALIZATION1 gene (HvVRN1) increased gradually in germin...

Stem tissues of red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera Michx.) acclimated from -3 C to -40 or -50 C in 8 to 10 weeks under a short photoperiod (9 hours) and controlled temperature conditions. During the summer months plants did not acclimate as well as at other times. The sequence of day/night temperature regimes which induced maximum acclimation was 20/15 C for 5 to 6 weeks; 15/5 C for 2 to 3 w...