In the arms race between plants, herbivores, and their natural enemies, specialized herbivores may use plant defenses for their own benefit, and variation in plant traits may affect the benefits that herbivores derive from these defenses. Pieris brassicae is a specialist herbivore of plants containing glucosinolates, a specific class of defensive secondary metabolites. Caterpillars of P. brassi...

Diastolic murmurs have always been considered abnormal, but this report presents nine apparently normal children with high-frequency, early, diamond-shaped diastolic murmurs confirmed by intracavitary phonocardiography to arise within the left ventricle. Each child (aged 5 to 15 years) was referred for evaluation of a systolic murmur at the lower left sternal border, but an additional finding a...

SINCE the original report of Hunter,' cardiovascular disease has been recognized as an integral feature of the Hurler syndrome (gargoylism, lipochondrodystrophy). Hunter noted cardiomegaly and both systolic and diastolic murmurs in the older of two brothers with this syndrome who died at age 20 of "dropsy."2 Other publications3-5 have continued to record cardiac murmurs, cardiomegaly, and prema...

A case of a dilated and tortuous right coronary artery to left ventricle fistula was surgically repaired. Preoperative intracoronary pressure measurements showed a sudden depression of diastolic pressure in the terminal part of the right coronary artery. Intraoperative mean right coronary flow was recorded as 315 ml/min. After repair of the fistula, blood flow measurements showed only 35 ml/min...

IN OUR EXPERIENCE about 95 per cent of patent ducti have the typical machinery murmur, and present no problem in diagnosis. A continuous murmur maximal in the second to third left intercostal space usually means patent ductus arteriosus. Other sites usually indicate other lesions. The typical machinery murmur reflects a systolic and diastolic pressure gradient between the aorta and pulmonary ar...

IN OUR EXPERIENCE about 95 per cent of patent ducti have the typical machinery murmur, and present no problem in diagnosis. A continuous murmur maximal in the second to third left intercostal space usually means patent ductus arteriosus. Other sites usually indicate other lesions. The typical machinery murmur reflects a systolic and diastolic pressure gradient between the aorta and pulmonary ar...

A 50 year old, recent cardiac transplant recipient developed systolic and diastolic murmurs but remained asymptomatic. The cause of the murmurs was not evident at transthoracic echocardiography. During routine left heart catheterisation a left anterior descending artery to right ventricular fistula was evident arising from the distal vessel and presumably acquired during routine endomyocardial ...

Case 1 involved a 4-month-old intact male Somali cat in which peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis (PPS) was recognized after a cardiac murmur remained following patent ductus arteriosus ligation. Case 2, which involved a 1-year-old neutered male Norwegian Forest cat, and Case 3, which involved a 6-month-old intact female American Curl cat, were referred, because of cardiac murmurs. Grades III ...

ASSOCIATION of cardiac murmurs with the Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome has been reported by several investigators .1 In the reported cases, however, the murmurs were not directly attributed to hemodynamic alterations produced by pre-excitation. This communication describes three patients with systolic murmurs related to pre-excitation. In one patient the murmur was heard only when the ele...

The prevalence and clinical importance of false tendons were studied in 488 consecutive patients referred for echocardiography. Two hundred and eighty three (58%) patients had acquired heart disease, 91 (19%) had congenital heart disease, and 114 (23%) had normal hearts. Sixty six patients with normal hearts had innocent systolic murmurs and one had recurrent ventricular tachycardia. The overal...