pyruvate spectrum acquired prior to imaging. Figure 1: (a) The C pyruvate peak image. (b) The water image showing the 3 syringe phantom. Syringe 1 contained tap water, syringe 2 contained hyperpolarized pyruvate, and syringe 3 contained 3.27M urea at thermal equilibrium and 5 mM gadodiamide and therefore has signal enhancement. (c) Carbon spectra from the pyruvate syringe and (d) carbon spectra...

objectives: hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is a major public health problem worldwide with serious complications. according to the importance of intravenous drug use (idu) as the main risk factor for hcv infection and transmission and prison as the main source of risky behaviors, this study conducted to define hcv infection and related risk factors in prison inmates with history of idu in is...

BACKGROUND Coverage is used as one indicator of needle and syringe program (NSP) effectiveness. At the individual level, coverage is typically defined as an estimate of the proportion of a person who injects drugs' (PWID) injecting episodes that utilise a sterile syringe. In this paper, we explore levels of individual syringe coverage and its changes over time. METHODS Data were extracted fro...

FOR many years it had been customary to give a series of intravenous injections of a drug such as neoarsphenamine with the same syringe, merely rinsing the syringe with antiseptic and distilled water before passing on to the next patient. Largely as a result of investigation of cases of postarsphenamine jaundice it has become recognized in recent years that a syringe which has been used for an ...

Journal publications and conference presentations on prison-based syringe exchange (PSE) programmes were identified by a comprehensive search of electronic databases. Experts involved with development and evaluation of current PSE programmes or policy were contacted for reports, documents and unpublished material. Spanish information on PSE was translated for this review. We identified 14 paper...