It is known that alkali, transition metal and lanthanide salts can form lyotropic liquid crystalline (LLC) mesophases with non-ionic surfactants (such as CiH2i+1(OCH2CH2)jOH, denoted as CiEj). Here we combine several salt systems and show that the percent deliquescence relative humidity (%DRH) value of a salt is the determining parameter in the formation and stability of the mesophases and that...

Detergents including fatty acid salts act as surface-active agents and thus possibly damage the plasma membrane structures of aquatic organisms. Therefore, when excess, the house-used and industrial outflows of such detergents into aquatic environments may have considerable impacts on the ecosystem. In this study, we propose the use of green paramecia (Paramecium bursaria) for assessing the acu...

The lithium (Li) and potassium (K) salts of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) and 2,4,6-trinitroanilino benzoic acid (TABA) were prepared and characterized during this work. The synthesis was carried out by addition of a solution of lithium/potassium hydroxide to the aqueous solution of NTO and TABA, respectively. The products were characterized by elemental analysis, metal content determinatio...

In 1916 Jacobs, Heidelberger, and coworkers at the Rockefeller Institute reported the discovery of a new class of synthetic compounds which possessed potent bactelicidal properties. By reacting hexamethylenetetramine with a large variety of substituted benzylor alkyl-halides, nujmerous quaternary salts of this base were obtained. It was observed that most of these salts had pronounced bacterici...

N-(Pyridyl)pyridinium salts 7 and 8 as well as 4-phenylpyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinium salts 4 and 12 have been prepared by reactions of 3-aryl-3-chloropropeniminium salts 5 with aminopyridines (6) using glacial acetic acid as solvent. 2-Phenylpyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinium salts 2 are formed when ethanol is used as the solvent. The condensation of 2-aminopyridine (6a) with 3-chloro-2,3dehydromorpholino-2...

Bile salts are ionic amphiphilic compounds with a steroid skeleton. Among the most important physiological properties of bile salts are lipid transport by solubilization and transport of some drugs through hydrophobic barriers. Bile salts have been extensively studied to enhance transepithelial permeability for different marker molecules and drugs. They readily agglomerate at concentrations abo...

Salts of 3,5-dinitro-1H-1,2,4-triazole, a building block for energetic materials, have been prepared and fully characterized. Most of the studied salts exhibit high thermal stability and very low shock and friction sensitivities. 3,5-Dinitro-1,2,4-triazolates with the nitrogen-rich ammonium, guanidinium, aminoguanidinium, and aminotetrazolium cations are energetic and have potential for energet...

The generation times of a strain of Pseudomonas grown on a mineral salts medium in the presence of various amounts of naphthalene did not vary with the amount of solid present, and these generation times were the same as the generation time on mineral salts medium containing only dissolved naphthalene. The generation time of a soil isolate grown on mineral salts medium in the presence of 0.5 g ...

1. The effects of five different tetrazolium salts on oxidative phosphorylation in rat-liver mitochondria have been investigated. 2. In all cases the mitochondria were uncoupled by very low concentrations of the tetrazolium salts. Further, the transition from a system just exhibiting respiratory control to one in which the mitochondria were totally uncoupled has been shown to occur over very sm...