T HE old-age and survivors insurance program combines three types of protection for workers and their families-retirement protection for those between the ages of 65 and 75, annuities for those aged 75 or over, and survivor insurance, payable on the death of an insured worker at any age. The retirement test (or work clause) is applicable when the beneficiary is under age 75, both for retirement...

We provide a framework for understanding how disability risk and features of the disability insurance program in the US affect individual consumption and labor supply behavior in an explicit life-cycle setting. We decompose earnings risk into disability shocks (that reduce the ability to work) and shocks to general productivity. We identify structural parameters of the model using indirect infe...

Cognitive Architectures (CAs) are the core of artificial cognitive systems. A CA is supposed to specify the human brain at a level of abstraction suitable for explaining how it achieves the functions of the mind. Over the years a number of distinct CAs have been proposed by different authors and their limitations and potentials were investigated. These CAs are usually classified as symbolic and...

The respective roles of the approximate number system (ANS) and an access deficit (AD) in developmental dyscalculia (DD) are not well-known. Most studies rely on response times (RTs) or accuracy (error rates) separately. We analyzed the results of two samples of elementary school children in symbolic magnitude comparison (MC) and non-symbolic MC using a diffusion model. This approach uses the j...

the symbolic cultural order becomes manifest through language in the case of texts and narratives and through images in the case of art. knowledge of the elements that compose the symbolic order is an essential analytical tool, above all for comparative studies of art, literature and religion. in this way, many of the symbolic references that exist in each culture can be illuminated by examples...

We present a methodology and a toolkit for improving simulation coverage of Simulink/Stateflow models of hybrid systems using symbolic analysis of simulation traces. We propose a novel instrumentation scheme that allows the simulation engine of Simulink/Stateflow to output, along with the concrete simulation trace, the symbolic transformers needed for our analysis. Given a simulation trace, alo...

interdisciplinary studies have provided researches with new perspectives. the relation between literature and psychoanalysis is rather recent in iran; but even within this short period we have come to realize the benefits of such a relation to both literature and psychoanalysis. lacan's theories lead us towards interesting and sometimes decisive results in the analysis of characters and literar...

In discrete reaction time (RT) tasks, it has been shown that nonsymmetric bimanual movements are initiated slower than symmetric movements in response to symbolic cues. By contrast, no such RT differences are found in response to direct cues ("direct cue effect"). Here, we report three experiments showing that the direct cue effect generalizes to rhythmical bimanual movements and that RT cost d...