BACKGROUND The 2009 pH1N1 influenza pandemic resulted in at least 18,500 deaths worldwide. While pH1N1 is now considered to be in a post-pandemic stage in humans it has nevertheless spilled back into swine in at least 20 countries. Understanding the factors that increase the risk of spillover events between swine and humans is essential to predicting and preventing future outbreaks. We assessed...

Of the two etiological components of swine influenza, only the filtrable virus possessed immunizing properties. H. influenzae suis, while essential to the production of the disease, played only a secondary and contributory rôle and, alone, conferred no immunity. Serum of swine convalescent from the filtrate disease neutralized the swine influenza etiological complex of organism and virus. Intra...

.................................................................................................................................... v Chapter 1. Dissertation Organization ........................................................................................ 1 Chapter 2. The History of Oral Controlled Exposure in Swine, Applications in Veterinary Medicine and Basic Aspects of Porcine Immunolo...

BACKGROUND The recent avian influenza epidemic in Asia and the H1N1 pandemic demonstrated that influenza A viruses pose a threat to global public health. The animal origins of the viruses confirmed the potential for interspecies transmission. Swine are hypothesized to be prime "mixing vessels" due to the dual receptivity of their trachea to human and avian strains. Additionally, avian and human...

background pandemic flu is a concerning problem with potentially high mortality and morbidity rates, so needs a proper health system response in each country. objectives to evaluate the nationwide health system response in iran after declaration of h1n1/swine flu pandemic in june 2009. patients and methods a surveillance system in all regions of country was implemented upon declaration of pande...

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important public health concern in many developing countries. HEV is also endemic in some industrialized counties, including the United States. With our recent discovery of swine HEV in pigs that is genetically closely related to human HEV, hepatitis E is now considered a zoonotic disease. Human strains of HEV are genetically heterogenic. So far in the United State...

UNLABELLED The diversity of influenza A viruses in swine (swIAVs) presents an important pandemic threat. Knowledge of the human-swine interface is particularly important for understanding how viruses with pandemic potential evolve in swine hosts. Through phylogenetic analysis of contemporary swIAVs in the United States, we demonstrate that human-to-swine transmission of pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) vi...

BACKGROUND There is a need to find an animal model to study new medications to improve mucosal wound healing after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Current literature suggests swine as a potential candidate. The lack of information correlating swine computer tomography (CT) and endoscopic sinonasal anatomy prompted us to investigate them in the domestic and Yucatan swine to determine...

BACKGROUND H3N2 is one of the main subtypes of influenza virus which circulates in human and swine population throughout the world. OBJECTIVES To investigate the genetic correlation between H3N2 human and swine influenza viruses from the same region during the same season. STUDY DESIGN Five H3N2 human and four H3N2 swine influenza viruses were isolated from Guangdong province of China in th...