This paper summarises the impact of major earthquakes, 2010–2011, on Christchurch’s water supply network and what recovery measures have been applied, what worked well, what did not and why. A number of issues related to the open nature of the Christchurch water supply network were identified during earthquakes. It was difficult to manage large water supply pressure zones during the post-earthq...

in the last twenty years, due to a number of natural and anthropogenic reasons, many water sources have become poorer in quality with respect to micropollutants. an example of a micropollutant that needs to be removed is the chlorophenoxypropionic herbicide mecoprop (mcpp). mcpp is one of the nine pesticides used as an indicator to monitor pesticide concentrations in rivers because it is freque...

the levels of 19 organochlorine pesticides (ocps) in surface water and under water sedimentsfrom tanks located nearby the prime agricultural areas of kanyakumari district, tamil nadu, india wereinvestigated to evaluate their pollution risks. a total of 36 surface water samples at 9 sampling sites and27 sediment samples at 9 sampling stations were collected from tanks, which were the water sourc...

this study was conducted with the aim of determining surface water contamination with cysts of entamoeba histolytica using pcr in rasht city, northern iran.in this cross-sectional study, 49 water samples including 18 rivers and 6 wetlands were collected from different regions near the city of rasht in autumn of 2012. after filtration using 0.22 μm nitrate cellulose membrane filters, the samples...

the climate and weather patterns of buffalo (new york, u.s.a.) are strongly influenced by thecity’s proximity to lake erie. total monthly snowfall in buffalo is forecasted using neural network techniques(multi-layer perceptron = mlp) and a multiple linear regression (lr) model. the period of analysis comprises 28 years from january 1982 to december 2009. input data include: zonal wind speed (u-...

Evaporation phenomena is a effective climate component on water resources management and has special importance in agriculture. In this paper, Bayesian belief networks (BBNs) as a non-linear modeling technique provide an evaporation estimation  method under uncertainty. As a case study, we estimated the surface water evaporation of the Persian Gulf and worked with a dataset of observations ...

Supraglacial channel networks link time varying melt production and meltwater routing on temperate glaciers. Such channel networks often include components of both surface transport in streams and subsurface porous flow through near-surface ice, firn or snowpack. Although subsurface transport if present will likely control network transport efficacy, it is the most poorly characterized componen...

Hydroxyapatite, the main mineral phase of mammalian tooth enamel and bone, grows within nanoconfined environments and in contact with aqueous solutions that are rich in ions. Hydroxyapatite nanopores of different pore sizes (20 Å ≤ H ≤ 110 Å, where H is the size of the nanopore) in contact with liquid water and aqueous electrolyte solutions (CaCl2 (aq) and CaF2 (aq)) were investigated using mol...

Surface water is a primary concept of human experience but concepts are captured in cultures and languages in many different ways. Still, many commonalities exist due to the physical basis of many of the properties and categories. An abstract ontology of surface water features based only on those physical properties of landscape features has the best potential for serving as a foundational doma...