abstract introduction: scaling and root planing is one of the most commonly used procedures during periodontal treatments. removal of calculus using conventional hand instruments is incomplete and rather time consuming. to find more efficient and less difficult instrumentation method, investigators have proposed lasers as an alternative or adjunct to hand instruments for scaling and root planin...

Silver nanowire transparent electrodes are a promising alternative to transparent conductive oxides. However, their surface roughness presents a problem for their integration into devices with thin layers such as organic electronic devices. In this paper, hot rollers are used to soften plastic substrates with heat and mechanically press the nanowires into the substrate surface. By doing so, the...

Surface roughness plays an important role in the adhesion of small particles. In this paper we have investigated adhesion as a geometrical effect taking into account both the particle size and the size of the surface features. Adhesion is studied using blunt model particles on surfaces up to 10 nm root-mean-square (RMS) roughness. Measurements with particles both smaller and larger than surface...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Polishing may increase the surface roughness of composites, with a possible effect on bacterial growth and material properties. This preliminary in vitro study evaluates the effect of three different polishing systems (PoGo polishers, Enhance, Venus Supra) on six direct resin composites (Gradia Direct, Venus, Venus Diamond, Enamel Plus HFO, Tetric Evoceram, Filtek Supreme XT...

The surface roughness parameters commonly used as inputs to electromagnetic surface scattering models (SPM, PO, GO and IEM) are the root mean square (RMS) height s and autocorrelation length l. However soil moisture retrieval studies based on these models have yielded inconsistent results, not so much because of the failure of the models themselves, but because of the complexity of natural surf...

In this study, an Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) roughness analysis was performed on non-commercial Nitinol alloys with Electropolished (EP) and Magneto-Electropolished (MEP) surface treatments and commercially available stents by measuring Root-Mean-Square (RMS), Average Roughness (Ra), and Surface Area (SA) values at various dimensional areas on the alloy surfaces, ranging from (800 × 800 nm) ...

Abstract Additive manufacturing has received significant interest in the fabrication of functional channels for heat transfer; however, inherent rough surface finish additively manufactured can influence thermal performance. This study investigates impact roughness on thermo-fluid characteristics laminar forced convection minichannels. A numerical model was developed to create 3D Gaussian with ...

The morphology of copper films grown on quartz, mica, and Ti/quartz has been investigated by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Films grown on quartz, both bare and pre-plated with titanium, are characterized by self-affine fractal scaling behavior over the length scale of 10 ̈500 nm, while films grown on mica are not. Annealing of the films to 340 -C reduces the root-mean-square (RMS...

Soil moisture retrieval from SAR images using semi-empirical or physically-based backscatter models requires surface roughness parameters, generally obtained by means of in situ measurements. However, measured roughness parameters often result in inaccurate soil moisture contents. Furthermore, when these retrieved soil moisture contents need to be used in data assimilation schemes, it is import...

PURPOSE To evaluate the qualitative and quantitative topographic changes in the surface of worn contact lenses (CLs) of different materials using atomic force microscopy (AFM). METHODS The topography of five different CL materials was evaluated with AFM over a surface of 25 microm(2) according to previously published experimental setup. Average roughness (R(a)) and root mean square (Rms) valu...