نتایج جستجو برای: surface fluxes
تعداد نتایج: 658607 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
We present a fast and well documented two-stream algorithm for radiative transfer and particle transport in vertically inhomogeneous, layered media. The physical processes considered are internal production (emission), scattering, absorption, and Lambertian reflection at the lower boundary. The medium may be forced by internal sources as well as by parallel or uniform incidence at the top bound...
Modelling solute transport in an unsaturated zone (vadose) depends very much on the simulation of soil moisture and moisture fluxes, which are strongly influenced by precipitation, evapotranspiration, surface runoff and land-surface properties. To provide good approximations of soil moisture and moisture fluxes, a model capable of simulating land-surface processes is required. In this study, a ...
We present the results of an initial effort to statistically map the fluxes of planetary ions on a closed surface around Mars. Choosing a spherical shell ~1000 km above the planet, we map both outgoing and incoming ion fluxes (with energies >25 eV) over a 4month period. The results show net escape of planetary ions behind Mars and strong fluxes of escaping ions from the northern hemisphere with...
Measurements of the methane flux and methane concentration profiles in soil air are presented. The flux of methane from the soil is calculated by two methods: a) Direct by placing a static open chamber at the soil surface. b) Indirect, using the (222)Rn concentrations profile and the (222)Rn flux in the soil surface in parallel with the methane concentration ((222)Rn calibrated fluxes). The met...
AR: The coupling is considered two-way in the sense that, for each model time step, the atmospheric component provides to JULES the current near-surface wind speed, air temperature, pressure, condensed water and downward radiation fluxes, as well as water vapor and trace gas (e.g carbon dioxide and monoxide, methane, and volatile organic compounds) mixing ratios. After its processing, JULES adv...
High variability due to soil heterogeneity and climatic conditions challenge measurement of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as influenced by management practices in the field. To reduce this variability, we examined the effect of management practices on CO2, N2O, and CH4 fluxes and soil temperature and water content from July to November, 2011 in a greenhouse. Treatments were incomplete combinat...
We will isolate a number of influences on air-sea transfer of momentum, heat, and moisture for weak wind conditions. We will focus on the important impact of swell amplitude and propagation direction and the explicit influence of large atmospheric eddies on the stability functions for the transfer coefficients for surface fluxes. Improved understanding of the various influences on sea surface f...
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