At fixed lung volume (VL), alterations in surface tension change alveolar surface area (S) and lung recoil (PL). Wilson (26), using data from fixed lungs (1, 9), quantified the isovolume change in S with PL. We reexamined this question in fresh excised rabbit lungs, with two important differences. First, we measured fractional changes in S by using diffuse light scattering, avoiding the potenti...

PURPOSE To compare the effects of different methods of surface treatment on enamel roughness. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety human maxillary first premolars were randomly divided into three groups (n=30) according to type of enamel surface treatment: I, acid etching; II, Er:YAG laser; III, Nd:YAG laser. The surface roughness of enamel was measured with a noncontact optical profilometer. For eac...

piezoelectric nanobeams having circular, rectangular and hexagonal cross-sections are synthesized and used in various nano structures; however, piezoelectric nanobeams with hexagonal cross-sections have not been studied in detail. in particular, the physical mechanisms of the surface effect and the role of surface stress, surface elasticity and surface piezoelectricity have not been discussed t...

Technological advances in sensor designs (e.g. increased sensitivity) may be achieved by combining plasmonic and magneto-optical materials, thus leading to magneto-plasmonic systems. Noble metal-ferromagnetic systems, such as Au/Co/Au trilayers and Au/FePd bilayers, are candidates for magneto-plasmonic systems, where surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) may be modulated by externally applied magne...

We address surface soliton complexes formed at the edge of annular guiding structures containing several concentric rings. Such soliton complexes feature a p-phase difference between neighboring spots. It is shown that the multipole-mode solitons can rotate steadily upon propagation, and the existence domain is strongly affected by the rotation frequency. The rotation may enhance the stabilizat...