capsular contraction is a frequent complication following breast augmentation. on the other hand, capsular weakness, a not widely recognized complication, may occur around the implant. a weak capsule allows the migration of the prosthesis to the lateral region of the thoracic region or inferiorly, towards the abdomen, due to gravitational forces. the cause of capsular weakness remains unresolve...

OBJECTIVE Asymmetrical skull deformity is frequently seen in children with cerebral palsy, and may contribute to postural abnormalities and deformities. The aim of this cross-sectional- survey was to determine the frequency of asymmetrical skull deformity and its correlation with clinical parameters. METHODS A 10-item checklist for asymmetrical skull deformity, postural abnormalities, and def...

objective:in this study, we assess long-term effects of vertical dome division (v.d.d) and suture techniques in patients with bulbous nose deformity and then compare the efficiency of these methods. material and methods: in this study 70 patients with bulbous nose deformity were divided into two equal groups of a and b in which group a with suture (transdomal and interdomal) technique and grou...

the purpose of this historical review is to summarize the work of paul of aegina and especially his contribution to the treatment of spine disorders and trauma. a major review of the literature was undertaken with emphasis on the treatise of paul himself as well as those of later scholars and historians. paul expanded the horizons of surgery of his time, using his talent to perform very complic...

Definition of Deformity Evaluation of Lower Limb Deformities Indications for Correction of Lower Limb Deformities Preoperative Planning Planning the Level of Osteotomy Other Factors in Determining the Level of the Osteotomy Determining the True Plane of the Deformity Translation Deformities . Angulation/Translation Deformities Multi-Apical Angular Deformities Joint Laxity Deformities of the Kne...

Objective Spinal deformity related to Parkinson’s disease (PD) is severe. Due to reported high complication rate, some authors reported that PD deformity with no neurological symptoms should not undergo surgery and also reported deep brain stimulation (DBS) should be considered instead of corrective surgery for their postural disorders. However, almost of previous reports did not consider spino...

Objectives: Skeletal-muscular disorders affect the biomechanics of the human body, especially the lower extremity, with a negative effect on the biomechanics of exercise. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fatigue on the kinematic variables of knee joints during countermovement jumps in female students of physical education with valgus knee deformity.  Methods: Fifte...

a three day old neonate was referred to our department with a problem of a sternal cleft. sternal clefts are often associated with a myriad of other abnormalities ranging from mild to severe. we present our experience with such a problem, and review the current literature concerning it.

conclusions application of pedicular screw in unstable upper and middle thoracic spine fractures is an effective method that can correct kyphotic deformity and anterolisthesis and improve neurologic deficit. background treatment of unstable upper and middle thoracic spine fractures remains controversial. there is no consensus regarding optimal treatment. objectives in this study, we evaluated t...

The deformity index is a new radiological measurement of the degree of deformity of the femoral head in unilateral Perthes' disease. Its values represent a continuous outcome measure of deformity incorporating changes in femoral epiphyseal height and width compared with the unaffected side. The sphericity of the femoral head in 30 radiographs (ten normal and 20 from patients with Perthes' disea...