نتایج جستجو برای: supplementary variable

تعداد نتایج: 287098  

this thesis attempts to investigate the effects of prelistening activities on enhancing iranian efl learners` listening comprehension. the present study investigated ways in which learners` background knowledge could be activated in order to enhance their l2 listening comprehension by limiting the number of possible text interpretations prior to listening. the experiments conducted in this study examined the effect of prior knowledge and vocabulary teaching on iranian efl learners listening comprehension. the current study has two purposes: one is to investigate the effect of background knowledge on the second language listening comprehension of iranian intermediates and the other is to determine whether second language is facilitated by the introduction of unknown vocabularies in the form of prelistening activities. to conduct the study different instruments such as listening proficiency test and four listening tests such as pre and posttests were used and various statistical processes and techniques including paired-sample t-test, and analysis of variance (anova) were used. the findings of this study supported all three hypotheses tested. differences were found between the means of preteaching vocabulary variable, the background knowledge activation variable, and mean difference between these two strategies variable. subjects scored higher when the unknown words were taught in advance. likewise, subjects scored higher when they were asked some relevant questions about the topic than on those without them. there was, in addition, a significant difference between the means of preteaching vocabulary strategy and background knowledge activation strategy. in fact, preteaching vocabulary had a better effect in enhancing the students’ listening comprehension, in comparison to background knowledge activation strategy.

پایان نامه :دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی - دانشکده زبانهای خارجی 1390

this thesis attempts to investigate the effects of prelistening activities on enhancing iranian efl learners` listening comprehension. the present study investigated ways in which learners` background knowledge could be activated in order to enhance their l2 listening comprehension by limiting the number of possible text interpretations prior to listening. the experiments conducted in this stud...

Journal: :The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 1887

Journal: :J. Multivariate Analysis 2013
Svetlana Gribkova Olivier Lopez Philippe Saint-Pierre

In this paper, we provide a nonparametric estimator of the distribution of bivariate censored lifetimes, in a model where the two censoring variables di er only through an additional observed variable. This situation is motivated by a particular application to insurance, where the supplementary variable corresponds to the age di erence between two individuals. Asymptotic results for our estimat...

Journal: :Stat 2013
Chen-Yen Lin Howard Bondell Hao Helen Zhang Hui Zou

Quantile regression provides a more thorough view of the effect of covariates on a response. Nonparametric quantile regression has become a viable alternative to avoid restrictive parametric assumption. The problem of variable selection for quantile regression is challenging, since important variables can influence various quantiles in different ways. We tackle the problem via regularization in...

Journal: :journal of dentistry, tehran university of medical sciences 0
hossein aghili sogra yasssaei mahmoud nilli ahmadabadi neda joshan

objectives: the aim of this study was to assess and compare the characteristics of commonly used initial archwires by their load deflection graphs. materials and methods : this study tested three wire designs namely copper nickel titanium (cnt), nickel titanium (niti), and multi-strand niti (msnt) archwires engaged in passive self-ligating (psl) brackets, active self-ligating (asl) brackets or ...

ژورنال: حیات 2008
جوکار, فرحناز, طاهری ازبرمی, زهرا, یگانه, محمدرضا,

Background & Aim: Exclusive breast feeding is highly recommended for children under six months and the best time for starting supplementary food is the end of sixth months. Inadequate feeding can lead to malnutrition. Since infants;apos supplementary feeding pattern is influenced highly by the socio-cultural status it is necessary to study the subject in diverse conditions. This study aimed to ...

In order to investigate the effect of zeolite on growth indices, yield and grain yield components and protein of lentil in dryland and supplementary irrigation conditions, a field study was conducted in Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. The experiment was performed as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor included three levels of irri...

Journal: :Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 2022

Variable importance, interaction measures, and partial dependence plots are important summaries in the interpretation of statistical machine learning models. In this article, we describe new visualization techniques for exploring these model summaries. We construct heatmap graph-based displays showing variable importance jointly, which carefully designed to highlight aspects fit. a matrix-type ...

2013
Marie-Sophie García-Heras Ainara Cortés-Avizanda José-Antonio Donázar

Supplementary feeding stations, or "vulture restaurants", are common conservation management tools. While a number of studies have investigated the consequences of surplus food on the population dynamics of scavengers, relatively little is known about the effects of such practices at the individual level. Within the long-term monitored breeding population of Canarian Egyptian vultures (Neophron...

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