Culture is a crucial facet in Teaching English as Foreign Language. (TEFL) Hence, we shall this paper discuss the theories underpinning concept and how can utilize these epistemological ontological understandings to promote TEFL field higher education task. Henceforward, have answered following question: How move from essentialist view of culture non-essentialist culture, why it essential do so...

In the history of human communication, the concept and need for secrecy between the parties has always been present. One way of achieving it is to modify the message so that it is readable only by the receiver, as in cryptography for example. Hiding the message in an innocuous medium is another, called steganography. And the counterpart to steganography, that is, discovering whether a message i...

BACKGROUND In medical education, a learner-centred approach is recommended. There is also a trend towards workplace-based learning outside of the hospital setting. In Australia, this has resulted in an increased need for General Practitioner (GP) supervisors who are receptive to using adult learning principles in their teaching. Little is known about what motivates Australian GP supervisors and...

Supervisors’ perceptions of how fairly they are treated by their own supervisors can influence their subordinates’ perceptions, attitudes, and behavior. We present a moderated mediation model that demonstrates how workgroup structure can enhance or constrain these effects. Results show supervisors’ perceptions of the fairness of the interactional treatment they receive relate to their subordina...

In decentralized supervisory control, several local supervisors cooperate to accomplish a common goal (specification). Controllability and coobservability are the key conditions to achieve a specification in the controlled system. We construct a controllable and coobservable sublanguage of the specification by using additional communications between supervisors. Namely, we extend observable eve...