Drosophila larval brain neuroblasts divide asymmetrically to balance between self-renewal and differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that the SCF(Slimb) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, which is composed of Cul1, SkpA, Roc1a and the F-box protein Supernumerary limbs (Slimb), inhibits ectopic neuroblast formation and regulates asymmetric division of neuroblasts. Hyperactivation of Akt leads to simila...

A case of supernumerary phantom limb is described after a haematoma within the right basal ganglia. The phantom, which persisted for many months, occurred in the context of severe left hemiplegia, sensory loss, hemianopia, and neglect. The subjective reality of this "third arm" caused the patient considerable distress, which was not ameliorated by his attempts to rationalise its existence. Alth...

Ischiopagus parasites are fetal defects attached to a relatively normal twin by pelvis. This is the first reported case of parasitic ischiopagus twins without prenatal diagnosis successfully managed in Mozambique. A multidisciplinary team was involved in the supernumerary limbs excision. After 7 months, the infant has a normal development.

The applicability of deterministic models, and in particular the polar co-ordinate model of French, Bryant & Bryant (1976), to the regenerative process has been investigated by performing ipsilateral blastemal rotations of varying angle on the fore and hind limbs of the axolotl. The results show that the frequency of supernumerary production rises with increasing angle to reach a peak at 180 de...

The anterior-posterior patterning of the vertebrate limb bud requires closely coordinated signaling interactions, including Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)-mediated counteraction of the Gli3 transcription factor in the distal and posterior mesenchyme of the limb bud. Suppressor of Fused (Sufu), an intracellular negative regulator of Shh signaling via Gli2 and Gli3, is implicated in early development of th...

Hyperdontia presents as an odontostomatologic derangement where and excess in tooth number is observed. Mesiodens the premaxilla is most commonly occurring supernumerary tooth. It usually clinical form. The following case reported with erupted consequences and management has been discussed elaborate details. Keywords: Mesiodens, Supernumerary tooth, Cephalometrics, Preadjusted edgewise.

An unerupted supernumerary tooth was attached to the root surface of an unerupted permanent lateral incisor. It was necessary to remove both the supernumerary and the permanent lateral incisor as a single unit. The permanent lateral incisor was separated from the supernumerary and placed back into the original developmental crypt. The replanted lateral incisor erupted normally one year later. W...