We show that the use of Doppler shifts of Zeeman sensitive spectral lines to observe waves in sunspots is subject to measurement specific phase shifts arising from, (i) altered height range of spectral line formation and the propagating character of p mode waves in penumbrae, and (ii) Zeeman broadening and splitting. We also show that these phase shifts depend on wave frequencies, strengths and...

The infrared spectrum of sunspots is analyzed in the H-band region (5540–6997 cm 1) with the aid of a new, hot (T 1⁄4 1800 K) laboratory emission spectrum of water covering 4878–7552 cm 1. There are 682 lines in the sunspot spectrum and 5589 lines in the laboratory spectrum assigned quantum numbers corresponding to transitions due to H2O using a combination of previously known experimental ener...

The paper ...nds empirical evidence on the ripple e¤ect of sunspots on the interwar German economy. It identi...es a sequence of negative shocks to expectations for the 1927 to 1932 period. The arti...cial economy predicts the 1928-1932 depression and a long boom from 1933 onwards. Overall, a tangible fraction of interwar output volatility is attributed for by sunspots. ¤Deep bows to Larry Chri...

â  abstract geographical placement of iran especially azerbaijan area in highly strips and alpine-himalayan seismic, causes the earthquakes and their damages as inevitable facts in our country. for this reason, recognition of parameters affecting occurrence of earthquakes and development of new and suitable methods for prediction is necessary in azerbaijan region. analyzing the complex spatio-t...

Power spectrum analyses of temperature series at New York City (1822-1956), the Netherlands (1735-1944), and central England (1698-1955) show that the only significant energy in these spectrums appears at the annual period of 12 months. No significant energy was found corresponding to any known sunspot periodicity. Correlation coefficients between January and July temperatures for the years of ...

I compare the canonical sunspots and real business cycle models of aggregate fluctuations. The sunspots model, distinguished by production externalities, is better able to reproduce the typical spectral shape of growth rates found in the data. However, it generates excessive investment volatility and overstates high frequency behavior in employment, investment and output series. The introductio...

Tracking sunspots is not an easy task given that multiple sources of data are acquired using a variety of different instruments. With the sources of data and contributors to this repositories quickly growing, it is increasingly important to have an efficient solution to analyze the photographs to record trends and possibly make predictions. CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) provides an...