Summer heat stress depresses both milk production and reproductive performance of dairy cows. The use of efficient cooling systems is required because high milk-producing cows are not capable of maintaining normothermia in the summer. Cooling, if efficient enough, is capable of narrowing the gap between winter and summer milk production; however, its positive effect on fertility is limited. Fer...

[1] Data from the SeaWinds scatterometer on the QuikSCAT satellite are used to estimate upwelling around Cabo Frio, Brazil, due to Ekman transport and Ekman pumping. The region close to shore (up to 200 km from the coast) is characterized by negative wind stress curl (upwelling favorable) year-round, with maximum values during summer, and minimum values during fall. Integrated values from São S...

............................................................................................................. 6 Original publications ......................................................................................... 7 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 8 Gulf of Bothnia ......................................

Abstract: After 2003, another hot summer took place in Western and Central Europe in 2015. In this study, we compare the characteristics of the two major heat waves of these two summers and their effect on the heat related mortality. The analysis is performed with focus on South-West Germany (Baden–Württemberg). With an additional mean summer mortality of +7.9% (2003) and +5.8% (2015) both year...

Four experiments involving 16 pens of 8 to 10 crossbred steer calves each were conducted at Yuma, Arizona. Initial and final weights were approximately 170 and 275 kg, respectively. The experimental design was a 2 x 2 x 4 factorial replicated over 2 yr with main effects for season (summer, winter), diet (H = ground alfalfa hay, H + G = 50% ground alfalfa, 47.5% dry-rolled wheat and 2.5% molasse...

The hearts of mammalian hibernators maintain contractile function in the face of severe environmental stresses during winter heterothermy. To enable survival in torpor, hibernators regulate the expression of numerous genes involved in excitation-contraction coupling, metabolism, and stress response pathways. Understanding the basis of this transition may provide new insights into treatment of h...

The conversion of classroom teaching to e-learning due the COVID-19 pandemic is leading increased stress among students worldwide. In spring 2021, 729 from six German universities took part in online study on stress-related consequences COVID 19 pandemic. More than half participants exhibited significant chronic stress, almost a quarter were very stressed. Students with higher TICS scores also ...