At this point, you should have read and analyzed a collection of research articles and prepared detailed notes, possibly including summary tables (see Chapter 7). You should now begin to synthesize these notes and tabled material into a new whole, the sum of which will become your literature review. In other words, you are now ready to begin the process of writing a literature review. This chap...

Different summarization requirements could make the writing of a good summary more difficult, or easier. Summary length and the characteristics of the input are such constraints influencing the quality of a potential summary. In this paper we report the results of a quantitative analysis on data from large-scale evaluations of multi-document summarization, empirically confirming this hypothesis...

The present study investigates the effects of multimedia annotation through the discourse scheme and summary writing through the grounding theory (Chang, 1997) on text comprehension. Specifically, the study focuses on examining the influences of multimedia annotation from a special perspective, namely, the use of modified discourse scheme to trigger EFL learners’ active reading process, rather ...

BACKGROUND Summarization is a process to select important information from a source text. Summarizing strategies are the core cognitive processes in summarization activity. Since summarization can be important as a tool to improve comprehension, it has attracted interest of teachers for teaching summary writing through direct instruction. To do this, they need to review and assess the students'...

The medical writings of early medieval western Europe c. 700 – c. 1000 have often been derided for their disorganised appearance, poor Latin, nebulous conceptual framework, admixtures of magic and folklore, and general lack of those positive features that historians attribute to ancient or later medieval medicine. This paper attempts to rescue the period from its negative image. It examines a n...

Dear Editor, Many years ago unprofessional supervisors were identified as one of the main reasons for the withdrawal of a student’s study. Recently in some universities, unethical supervision has become an increasing concern of students and ethic committees. The last few years has witnessed an increase in the withdrawal rate of students who quit their study because of the poor guidance of their...

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This study was an attempt to provide a comprehensive model for summary writing based on the model of Van Dijk’s concept of macrostructures. The effectiveness of the model was examined in a genre-based quasi-experimental study with the data collection procedure lasting a semester. The participants included 60 female English learners divided into two experimental and control groups. The results o...