resulting into the parallel or spiral type. In the parallel type, the 2 ducts are usually joined with fibrous tissue which might express great difficulty in their exposure and separation during cholecystectomy. The ratio of the spiral type of junction was slightly lower than that found in America (8%), but markedly lower than that reported in Britain which equaled to 25%. The liver seemed to be...

Primary Oral malignant melanoma is a rare tumor with an indigent prognosis. This is a case report of 47-year-old Sudanese female diagnosed as Oral malignant melanoma of the mandible with an unusual pattern of growth and clinical presentation. Furthermore, a possibility of intraosseous origin is suggested.

This case study focuses on the work of a Cairo-based project working with the southern Sudanese refugee community on sexual and reproductive health issues related to young people. The paper reports on the lessons learnt from refugee training and awareness-raising events organized during 2002–2004 and the challenges facing such initiatives in what can be a hostile climate.

Pendred's syndrome was described in a Sudanese family and its affected members were studied in details. They were a boy (aged 14 years) and a girl (11 years of age) each showing a goitre, a positive perchlorate discharge test, marked sensorineural deafness and evidence of mild hypothyroidism. This study adds an entity to the congenital dyshormonogenesis recognised so far in the Sudan.

Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MGS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by occipital encephalocele, polycystic kidneys and variable other congenital malformations. We report on a Sudanese patient with MGS diagnosed by antenatal ultrasound scan. Pregnancy was terminated at 25 weeks of gestation.

BACKGROUND We aimed to assess the oral health status and risk factors for dental caries and periodontal disease among Sudanese adults resident in Khartoum State. To date, this information was not available to health policy planners in Sudan. METHODS A descriptive population-based survey of Sudanese adults aged ≥ 16 years was conducted. After stratified sampling, 1,888 adult patients from publ...

AIMS Prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus among Sudanese population was found to be 3.4% and associated with high rates of complications and obesity. Different adipocytokines are secreted from adipose tissues, among them adiponectin, which was shown to have insulins ensitizing properties and anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic effect. The aim of this study was to characterize type 2 diabetes ...

79 EDITOR’S CHOICE Post traumatic stress, HIV and malaria: contemporary issues explored in depth Today is the 3rd anniversary of African Health Sciences having been launched in August 2001. In three years AHS has grown from strength to strength reaching a climax in April 2003 when it was indexed by MEDLINE – a clear note of confidence in AHS by a reputable indexing organization. African Health ...

Three flavonoids were isolated for the first time from the Sudanese medicinal plants Albizia zygia. Compounds 1-3 were identified by interpretation of ESI mass data, (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR as well as by comparison with published data as 4',7-dihydroxyflavanone (1) 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone (2), 3-O-methylfisetin (3',4',7-trihydroxy-3-methoxyflavone, 3). All flavonoids were tested against Plasmo...