Background Signature of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in 2005 marked the end of the 20 year war in Southern Sudan. However, the decades of war and lawlessness have completely disrupted the healthcare infrastructure in the whole of southern Sudan. HIV seroprevalence in the western equatorial state of Southern Sudan (12.1%) is the highest in the country. the massive numbers and mobility...

Peritoneal macrophages of mice, 48 hr after intraperitoneal administration of albumin (egg white), were studied. Almost all granules in the cytoplasm of macrophages stained by the supravital staining with neutral red were revealed to be colored brick red by the staining with Sudan III in the smear preparation. Because of lack of lipids in the inoculum, it is difficult to explain that these gran...

environmental impact assessment (eia) reports of projects in different development sectors in sudan (agriculture, roads and highways, power generation, oil production, river engineering projects) were analyzed to investigate how these studies corresponded with the local, regional, international and good practice requirements. the results of the analysis illustrated some variations in the practi...

In this work, a simple and sensitive electrochemical method was developed to determine Sudan I by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry using a glassy carbon electrode modified with a chitosan/carbon nanotube composite. In cyclic voltammetry, Sudan I exhibited a well-defined oxidation peak located at 0.72 V at the multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/chitosan-modified GCE. The d...

climate change represents the major challenge to sudan agricultural production, economics and food security. changes in temperature, rainfalls, water availability, increased outbreak of pest and diseases, land degradation, soil erosion, shrinking of grazing and cultivate areas, ongoing desertification and the other aspects of climate change have direct significant impact on agricultural product...

The concept of prefactors is considered in order to decrease the complexity of the Guruswami–Sudan interpolation step for generalized Reed–Solomon codes. It is shown that the well-known re-encoding projection due to Kötter et al. [1] leads to one type of such prefactors. The new type of Sierpinski prefactors is introduced. The latter are based on the fact that many binomial coefficients in the ...

A Dinka-tribesman came to Marial Lou Hospital, South Sudan, in 2005. He experienced severe discomfort from a Dracunculus Medinensis (Guinea worm) emerging from his perineum (see Figures 1 and 2). The 80-cm-long parasite was successfully extracted. Persons get Dracunculiasis by drinking water containing water fleas harboring the larvae of the worm. The larvae are released into the water by the a...

Leishmania/HIV coinfection is a new clinical form of leishmaniasis that has been reported in more than 35 countries [1,2]. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 39.5 million people are infected by HIV worldwide and that one-third of them live in Leishmania-endemic regions [1,2]. Most of the reported Leishmania/ HIV coinfections were among patients infected with viscerotropic parasi...

In 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) recognized mycetoma as one of the neglected tropical conditions due to the efforts of the mycetoma consortium. This same consortium formulated knowledge gaps that require further research. One of these gaps was that very few data are available on the epidemiology and transmission cycle of the causative agents. Previous work suggested a soil-borne or ...

Sudan-1 and para red are industrial dyes that have been illegally added to some foodstuffs, leading to withdrawal of the adulterated products throughout the UK since 2003. This resulted in international concern that arose because Sudan-1 is classified by International Agency for Research on Cancer as a Category 3 carcinogen. However, little is known about the dose response of this chemical at l...