After the divergence of chondrichthyans and teleostomes, the structure of the feeding apparatus also diverged leading to alterations in the suction mechanism. In this study we investigated the mechanism for suction generation during feeding in white-spotted bamboo sharks, Chiloscyllium plagiosum and compared it with that in teleosts. The internal movement of cranial elements and pressure in the...

TO THE EDITOR: I read with interest the Viewpoint article by Zhang et al. (5). The authors advocated dPLV (ventricular pressure)/dVLV (ventricular volume) 0 as the necessary and sufficient condition for definition of diastolic suction. This definition guarantees that suction manifests only when ESV (end-systolic volume) Veq [equilibrium volume (diastasis volume)] and naturally leads to the kine...

Pumping stations play an important role in agriculture development projects. Performance of the pumping stations should satisfy water requirements, and management. There are many problems face these pumping stations affecting their reliability and stability. Hydraulic problems are the most important item in the field of pumping station operation and design. Motivation of this research was prese...

Stability analysis of retaining structures carried out at unsaturated conditions mainly dismissed the effect hydraulic and mechanical hysteresis on exerted active thrust. This paper reports a parametric study into influence as well soil types earth pressure low high suction profiles to envision pattern thrust for various simulated soils, from sands clays. Generally, numerical results exhibited ...

Tests were conducted to determine the variation of water content and pore water suction for compacted clayey soils. The soils had varying amounts of clay fraction with plasticities ranging from low to high plasticity. The unsaturated soil behavior was investigated for six conditions, covering a range of compactive efforts and water contents. The experimental data were fit to four commonly used ...

The aim of this study was to assess carotid baroreflex responses during graded lower body negative pressure (LBNP). In 12 healthy subjects (age 29+/-4 years) we applied sinusoidal neck suction (0 to -30 mmHg) at 0.1 Hz to examine the sympathetic modulation of the heart and blood vessels and at 0.2 Hz to assess the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the heart. Responses to neck suction wer...

The feeding kinematics, suction and hydraulic jetting capabilities of captive harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) were characterized during controlled feeding trials. Feeding trials were conducted using a feeding apparatus that allowed a choice between biting and suction, but also presented food that could be ingested only by suction. Subambient pressure exerted during suction feeding behaviors was d...

This paper presents an overview of constitutive modelling of unsaturated soils and the numerical algorithms for solving the associated boundary value problems. It first discusses alternative stress and strain variables that can be used in constitutive models for unsaturated soils. The paper then discusses the key issues in unsaturated soil modelling and how these issues can be incorporated into...

BACKGROUND Although various reconstructive flap surgeries have been successfully performed, there still are difficult wound complications, such as seroma formation, wound margin necrosis, delayed wound healing, and even flap failures. The negative-pressure wound therapy has been described in detail in the literature to assist open chronic/complex wound closure in reconstructive surgery. However...

A common mode of limb suspension for transtibial amputees is the pin liner/shuttle lock system. Despite its popularity, some clinicians question its use because of observed daily and chronic changes to the residual limb. For this study, we measured limb interface pressures during ambulation with pin and suction suspension systems. No pressure differences were seen between the modes of suspensio...