Materials: Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS, 98%), aqueous ammonia (28%) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd.. Carbon black (99.5%, 30 nm) was purchased from Aladdin Co. Ltd.. Ethylene glycol (EG, 99%) and ethanol (99.9%) were purchased from J&K Co. Ltd.. Poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA, Mn=360) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA, Mn=700) was purchased from Si...

In this paper, the synthesis of novel divalent cationic lipids with poly(ethylene glycol) segments is described. The lipids consist of an unsaturated double-chain hydrophobic moiety based on 3, 4-dihydroxy benzoic acid, attached to a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) spacer which contains a divalent cationic end group. As poly(ethylene glycol) spacers monodisperse triethylene glycol and teleche...

The aqueous mixtures of light gas molecules under low-temperature and high-pressure conditions are candidates to form gas hydrate clathrates. The formation of gas hydrate may lead to various problems and extra charges in natural gas production and processing. The presence of hydrate crystals forming a stable solid phase can potentially block the wells, pipes, and process facilities. To avoid su...

A gram-negative nonmotile rod which was capable of using 1,2-(14)C-ethylene glycol as a sole carbon source for growth was isolated from a brine pond, Great Salt Lake, Utah. The bacterium (ATCC 27042) required at least 0.85% NaCl for growth and, although the chloride ion was replaceable by sulfate ion, the sodium ion was not replaceable by potassium ion. The maximal concentration of salt tolerat...

The cryopreservation of mammalian embryos has become an integral part of methods to control animal reproduction. Numerous vitrification solutions have been formulated with ethylene glycol in combination with macromolecules, sugars and other cryoprotective agents. These indicate that a study of ethylene glycol as a cryoprotectant of choice in vitrification studies would be promising. To understa...

OBJECTIVE In this study, anti-inflammatory effects of Royal Jelly were investigated by inducing renal inflammation in rats with the use of ethylene glycol. For this purpose, the calcium oxalate urolithiasis model was obtained by feeding rats with ethylene glycol in drinking water. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were divided in five study groups. The 1st group was determined as the control gro...

BACKGROUND Ethylene glycol is highly toxic and represents an important cause of poisonings worldwide. Toxicity can result in central nervous system dysfunction, cardiovascular compromise, elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis and acute kidney injury. Many states have passed laws requiring addition of the bittering agent, denatonium benzoate, to ethylene glycol solutions to reduce severity of ex...

Ethylene glycol is most commonly found as the primary ingredient of automobile antifreeze and hydraulic brake fluids. The major use of ethylene glycol as an antifreeze is namely in automobiles, in air conditioning systems and in as de-icing fluid for windshields. It is a widely used chemical that is capable of causing significant injury if ingested. It is not intrinsically toxic but requires me...

BACKGROUND A patient presented with severe acidosis and a point-of-care lactate measurement of 42 mmol/L. Mesenteric ischemia was suspected, with a potential need for laparotomy; however, plasma lactate measurements were below 4 mmol/L. Ethylene glycol ingestion was subsequently diagnosed. We therefore wished to determine why discrepancies in lactate measurements occur and whether this "lactate...