Surrounding the earth at a height of about 25 kilometers is the stratosphere, rich in ozone, which prevents the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV-B) rays from reaching the earth. UV-B rays have an adverse effect on all living organisms, including marine life, crops, animals and birds, and humans. In humans, UV-B is known to affect the immune system; to cause skin cancer, eye damage, and cataracts; ...

4 Chemical Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 4.1 Elemental Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 4.2 Molecular Size Distribution and Charge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 4.3 Spectral Absorbance and Fluorescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 4.4 Infrared Spectra . . . . ....

tion. During a GRAS assessment of a substance, the Expert Panel evaluates a combination of relevant data, including data specific to the substance as well as data for the chemical group to which the substance belongs. For example, a pyrazine derivative is reviewed individually and in the context of its chemical group (42 other pyrazine derivatives) (Smith et al., 2002a). The analysis of food an...

It was shown by Went7 that leaf growth in etiolated pea seedlings is primarily controlled by substances supplied from the cotyledons. Vein growth is controlled by auxin,2 while growth of the mesophyll is independent of auxin, and it is the factors concerned in the growth of the latter which we will discuss in this paper. In a recent paper3 a bio-assay for these factors was described in detail, ...

There has been a significant increase in the number of new intoxicants on the illegal drugs market globally, also in Norway. The substances are given the name NPS: Novel Psychoactive Substances, and are mainly sold over the Internet. Uncertain dosage of potent substances entails a risk of accidental overdose, and therefore serious intoxication and death. In this article we provide an overview o...