Marine ecosystems formed by kelp forests are severely threatened global change and local coastline disturbances in many regions. In order to take appropriate conservation, mitigation, restoration actions, it is crucial identify the most diverse populations which could serve as a “reservoir” of genetic diversity. This requires development specific tools, such microsatellite markers investigate l...

In this study we have reported the chemical composition of essential oils obtained from needles twelve Pinus taxa, belonging to subgenera (sections and Trifoliae) Strobus (sect. Quinquefoliae). Monoterpenes dominated over sesquiterpenes in most investigated taxa both subgenera, except representatives subsection Pinaster, subgenus Pinus. ?-Pinene was abundant terpene eight pines, but other domin...

Cortex phellodendri is used to reduce fever and remove dampness and toxin. Berberine is an active ingredient of C. phellodendri. Berberine from Argemone ochroleuca can relax airway smooth muscle (ASM); however, whether the nonberberine component of C. phellodendri has similar relaxant action was unclear. An n-butyl alcohol extract of C. phellodendri (NBAECP, nonberberine component) was prepared...

enantio-3-Hydroxyambrox derivatives were obtained through combined chemical and microbiological methods from ent-12-o×o-13-epi-manoyl oxides. Regioselcctive and stereoselcctive reduction ofthe ¢~bonyl group at C-3 of ent-3,12-dioxo-13-epi-manoyl oxide was card ed out with Baker "s yeast. Regioselcctive acetyl ation of ent-3,12-dihydxoxy-13-epi-manoyl oxide was accomplished with Candida cylindra...