In this study, a numerical procedure is described for the transient response analysis of a submerged floating tunnel with reference of a designed tunnel in Japan. Tension legs seizing the tunnel are simply modeled by a spring elements and the tunnel itself is assumed by two rigid bodies between which a flexible joint is used. A recorded seismic excitation is used while the wave load is calculat...

The flow of continuously stratified fluids past obstacles was studied analytically, numerically, and experimentally. The obstacles discussed here include a flat strip, aligned with the flow, inclined or transverse to the flow and a horizontal cylinder. In the flow pattern, transient and attached (lee) internal waves, downstream wakes with submerged interfaces and vortices, soaring singular inte...

Submerged structures that operate under extreme flows are prone to suffer large scale cavitation attached to their surfaces. Under such conditions the added mass effects differ from the expected ones in pure liquids. Moreover, the existence of small gaps between the structure and surrounding bodies filled with fluid also influence the dynamic response. A series of experiments and numerical simu...

Kettle holes, small inland water bodies usually less than 1 ha in size, are subjected to pollution, drainage, and structural alteration by intensive land use practices. This study presents the analysis of spectral signatures from kettle holes based on in situ water sampling and reflectance measurements in application for chlorophyll estimation. Water samples and surface reflectance from kettle ...

Understanding how light interacts with sea water is a fascinating problem in itself, as well as being fundamental to Relds as diverse as biological primary production, mixed-layer thermodynamics, photochemistry, lidar bathymetry, ocean-color remote sensing, and visual searching for submerged objects. For these reasons, optics is one of the fastest growing oceanographic research areas. Radiative...

Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum (IMI 330189) can produce at least three spore types in vitro ; blastospores, submerged conidia, and aerial conidia, as defined by culturing conditions, sporogenesis, and spore morphology. This study compares morphological characteristics (dimensions and cell wall structure), chemical properties of cell wall surfaces (charge, hydrophobicity, and lectin binding...

To investigate the temperature sensitivity of low-Ca2+-induced nonsynaptic and low-Mg2+-induced synaptic ictogenesis under submerged and interface conditions, we compared changes of extracellular field potential and extracellular potassium concentration at room temperature (23 +/- 1 degrees C; mean +/- SD) and at 35 +/- 1 degrees C in hippocampal-entorhinal cortex slices. The induction of spont...