the relation between periconceptional vaginal permicide use and sex ratio at birth, birth weight, and the frequency of congenital anomalies was examined in a cohort of 2,712 new york city obstetric patients, 149 of whom (5.5 per cent) became pregnant while using spermicides or had used spermicides before and after conception. periconceptional spermicide use was not associated with any important...

purpose: to evaluate the results of keratoprosthesis (kps) at labbafinejad medical center. method: in this case-series 29 eyes of 27 patients who underwent kps between 1995-2002 were evaluated for results and complications. results: patients included 22 male and five female subjects. diagnoses included chemical burn (17 cases), stevens-johnson syndrome (three cases), ocular cicatricial pemphigo...

background: antibiotics prescribed in the presumptuous treatment of infections may be ineffective if causative pathogens acquire resistance to prescribed antibiotics. in the absence of patient follow ups for treatment outcome assessments, healthcare providers may be unaware of the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments they provide. in the empiric treatment of infections particularly, such situ...

background and purpose: violence is defined as unnecessary hostile behavior in clinical environments, which may lead to psychological abuse by colleagues. this systematic review aimed to evaluate violence and its associated factors among nurses. methods: in this study, we searched for articles and patented documentations published until december 2014 via databases such as pubmed, medline, scopu...

introduction: bronchiectasis is a common problem in children and early diagnosis can lead to early treatment and prevent of its complications. this study was aimed to evaluate factors effective on outcome of bronchiectasis in children. methods: in an analytical cross-sectional study, 347 children with bronchiectasis underwent the study. the patients were diagnosed based on chronic suppurative c...

Randomized trials are used to assess the effectiveness of one or more treatments in inducing outcomes of interest. Treatments are typically designed to target key mediating variables that are thought to be causally related to the outcome. Thus, researchers want to know not only if the treatment is effective, but how the mediators affect the outcome. Data from such studies are often analyzed usi...