BACKGROUND It has been reported that a substantial proportion of cases of hypercalciuria and nephrolithiasis are idiopathic. Several studies suggested that stressful life events increase lithogenic urinary constituents (calcium, oxalate and uric acid). OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that there is an association between stressful life events and symptomatic kidney stone. METHODS A case-con...

It was hypothesized that individuals of low socioeconomic status are exposed to a greater number of stressful events and therefore have a higher incidence of psychological disorders. However, the way they interpret, evaluate and cope with these stressful situations may either cause them to maintain, intensify or eliminate their overall stress. Past research indicates that the poorest individual...

OBJECTIVE Stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. However, the scant evidence available is not population-based, restricting the external validity of the findings. Our aim was to test associations between stressful life events, their accumulation, and the metabolic syndrome in a large population-based cohort. We also tested associations between stress and the indiv...

BACKGROUND It is debatable whether or not glucocorticoid receptor (GR) polymorphisms moderate susceptibility to PTSD. Our objective was to examine the effects of stressful life events, social support, GR genotypes, and gene-environment interactions on the etiology of PTSD. METHODS Three tag single nucleotide polymorphisms, trauma events, stressful life events, and social support were assessed...

OBJECTIVE : To examine whether early stressful events are associated with developmental trajectories of bedwetting.  METHODS : This is a prospective cohort study comprising 8,761 participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Stressful events were measured using a maternal questionnaire completed at 3 time points before their child was 4 years old. The association betwee...

BACKGROUND Cognitive biases have long been hypothesized to influence the development and maintenance of symptoms of internalizing problems. Anxiety sensitivity represents one such bias and refers to sensitivity to the physical and emotional symptoms of anxiety and the belief that these are harmful. Twin studies indicate a role for both environmental and genetic influences on anxiety sensitivity...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to assess the possible role of major stressful life events, complicated grief, and depression in the pathogenesis of benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) and hemifacial spasm (HFS). METHODS This was a case-control study involving 23 participants with BEB/HFS and 23 control subjects, comparing the frequency of major stressful life events, depression on ...

UNLABELLED Following childbirth, 16% of women may have anxiety disorders and 2% develop PTSD. It is important to identify factors that influence women's emotional reactions to birth. This study investigated how stressful events and support from hospital staff during birth each affects women's anxiety and perceived control. METHODS A between-subjects experimental design used birth stories to m...