while performance-based language assessment has led to an increased authenticity and content validity in the practice of writing assessment, the reliability of ratings has become a major issue. research findings have shown different reactions by native english speaker (nes) and non-native english speaker (nns) teachers to students’ writings. the focus of this study is on investigating whether i...

Introduction: Scapular orientation and movements can affect the function of the shoulder. Changes in scapular alignment or movement in shoulder regions have the potential to alter the kinetic chain of the body. Therefore, this study aimed at comparing scapular stabilization and conscious control training on postural variables, pain, and selected muscle strength in patients with scapular dyskine...

Background and purpose: Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP) is associated with decreased lumbar Multifidus (LM) muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and Transverse abdominis (TrA) muscle strength which highly predispose the person to recurrent occurrence of disease. We compared the Pilates (PL) and McKenzie (MK) methods on LM CSA and TrA strength in these patients. Materials and methods:...

abstract given the importance of the text’s formal aspects, in addition to its content, poetry presents special challenges to translators. poetry has its own distinctive features that cannot be rendered into another language easily. the translation of poetry into poetry entails preserving the rhyme, figurative language and the general tone of the original. the present study was an attempt to i...

in the new age, in regard to human success in education in the globalizing world, one can consider english proficiency and individual differences as two important issues. in efl settings, reading skill plays an important role in education. it seems that using multiple intelligences theory in efl classes which values individual differences by tapping different intelligences, can be rewarding. as...

this study investigates the effect of teacher’s repetition as an input enhancement technique in explicit teaching of vocabulary items on efl learners’ later retrieval. to this end, 66 persian speaking english learners, aged 18 - 29, homogenized through a standard proficiency test (opt), were chosen and put into two experimental and control groups, each 33 learners. general service list (gsl), a...

one of the most commonly used techniques to reduce the corrosion rate of rebar in concrete is addition substances named corrosion inhibitors into the concrete. corrosion inhibitor is chemical compounds that were added to concrete to prevent corrosion of steel in concrete. sodium nitrate is a type of anodic inhibitors that this study investigatesthe effect of this inhibitor on the properties of ...