Mobility restrictions in older adults are common and increase the likelihood of negative health outcomes and premature mortality. The effect of built environment on mobility in older populations, among whom environmental effects may be strongest, is the focus of a growing body of the literature. We reviewed recent research (1990-2010) that examined associations of objective measures of the buil...

BACKGROUND Higher street connectivity, land use mix and residential density (collectively referred to as neighbourhood walkability) have been linked to higher levels of walking. The objective of our study was to summarize the current body of knowledge on the association between neighbourhood walkability and biosensor-assessed daily steps in adults. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of ...

The street garment vendors are playing a significant role in the fields of the economic development through protecting resources (garment products) from such a position where they are treated as wastes; very much less valued products and creating the opportunity for self-employment. This study aimed at showing the economic contribution and the impact of the street vendors to the local community...

OBJECTIVE To determine the perceived neighborhood environment (NE) variables that are associated with physical activity (PA) in urban areas in China. METHODS Parents of students at two junior high schools in Shanghai, one downtown and the other in the suburbs, were recruited to participate in the study. They completed an International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Neighborhood En...

Policymakers pay much attention to effectively increasing frequency of people's cycling in the context of developing sustainable and green cities. Investigating associations of environmental characteristics and cycling behaviour could offer implications for changing urban infrastructure aiming at encouraging active travel. However, earlier examinations of associations between environmental char...

Based on the importance of energy saving in terms reducing carbon impact and global warming problems, smart street lighting systems have been proposed past few years with different specifications. These include sensors for controlling light intensity connectivity recording weather conditions diagnosing lamp failure remotely. This paper discusses many published research studies regarding systems...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the contribution of personal, social and environmental factors to mediating socioeconomic (educational) inequalities in women's leisure-time walking and walking for transport. METHODS A community sample of 1282 women provided survey data on walking for leisure and transport; educational level; enjoyment of, and self-efficacy for, walking; physical activity barriers an...

BACKGROUND There is limited longitudinal evidence confirming the role of neighborhood environment attributes in encouraging people to walk more or if active people simply choose to live in activity-friendly neighborhoods. Natural experiments of policy changes to create more walkable communities provide stronger evidence for a causal effect of neighborhood environments on residents' walking. O...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the associations between body size and built environment walkability variables, as well as the mediating role of physical activity and sedentary behaviours with body size. METHODS Objective environment, body size (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)), and sedentary time and physical activity data were collected from a random select...

The city is a complex system that evolves through its inherent social and economic interactions. Mediating the movements of people and resources, urban street networks o↵er a spatial footprint of these activities; consequently their structural characteristics have been of great interest in the literature. Missing from the analysis is the specific interplay between street structure and its funct...