Stratospheric ozone depletion through catalytic chemistry involving man-made chlorofluorocarbons is an area of focus in the study of geophysics and one of the global environmental issues of the twentieth century. This review presents a brief history of the science of ozone depletion and describes a conceptual framework to explain the key processes involved, with a focus on chemistry. Observatio...

Highest atmospheric ozone production rates can be found at around 30 km in the tropical stratosphere, leading to ozone mixing ratios of about 10 ppmv. Those stratospheric air masses are then transported to extra-tropical latitudes via the Brewer-Dobson circulation. This is considered the main mechanism to generate midand high latitude ozone. By applying the climate-chemistry models E39/C and MA...

[1] Conflicting interpretations of the spring ozone maximum observed at Bermuda (32 N, 65 W) have fueled the debate on stratospheric influence versus tropospheric production as sources of tropospheric ozone. We use a global three-dimensional (3-D) model of tropospheric ozone-NOx-hydrocarbon chemistry driven by assimilated meteorological observations to reconcile these past interpretations. The ...

Perchloroethylene, also known as tetrachloroethylene or perc, has been used safely in industry for over 50 years. It is an effective, nonfl ammable solvent that does not contribute to the formation of smog (ground-level ozone) or to the depletion of stratospheric ozone. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has approved the use of perchloroethylene as a replacement for stratospheric ozon...

The ozone radiative forcings (RFs) resulting from projected changes in climate, ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), non-methane ozone precursor emissions and methane between the years 2000 and 2100 are calculated using simulations from the UM-UKCA chemistry– climate model (UK Met Office’s Unified Model containing the United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosols sub-model). Projected measures to improve...

A model of atmospheric composition and climate has been developed at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) that includes composition seamlessly from the surface to the lower mesosphere. The model is able to capture many features of the observed magnitude, distribution, and seasonal cycle of trace species. The simulation is especially realistic in the troposphere. In the stratosphe...

The precipitation response to radiative forcing (RF) can be decomposed into a fast precipitation response (FPR), which depends on the atmospheric component of RF, and a slow response, which depends on surface temperature change. We present the first detailed climate model study of the FPR due to tropospheric and stratospheric ozone changes. The FPR depends strongly on the altitude of ozone chan...

The trends and variability of ozone are assessed over a northern mid-latitude station, Haute-Provence Observatory (OHP: 43.93 N, 5.71 E), using total column ozone observations from the Dobson and Système d’Analyse par Observation Zénithale spectrometers, and stratospheric ozone profile measurements from light detection and ranging (lidar), ozonesondes, Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (...

In the framework of the ESA-DUP project GOFAP [1] the delivery of GOME ozone products in near-real time (NRT) to users has been accomplished. Since 1998 NRT ozone columns [2] are available through the KNMI website and since the beginning of 2000 they are accompanied by NRT stratospheric ozone profiles. Numerical weather prediction is expected to benefit from assimilation of stratospheric ozone ...

This study examines 1211 cases of coincident ozone profiles derived from 1164 Umkehrs and 928 SAGE II profiles within 1000 km and 12 hours between October 1984 and April 1989 to study the stratospheric-aerosol effect on Umkehr ozone profiles. Because of the close correspondence of stratospheric aerosol optical depth at the SAGE II-measured 0.525 micron wavelength and the extrapolated 0.32 Umkeh...