an outbreak of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania major was identified in ghanavat rural district, qom province, central iran, during 1999-2001. among 1069 inhabitants examined in dec. 1999, 5.14% showed evidence of active lesions and 12.44% had scar indicative of past infection. the most highly infected age group was 5-9 years old for ulcers with a rate of 6.56%. the inciden...

Ebola and Marburg viruses are maintained in unknown reservoir species; spillover into human populations results in occasional human cases or epidemics. We attempted to narrow the list of possibilities regarding the identity of those reservoir species. We made a series of explicit assumptions about the reservoir: it is a mammal; it supports persistent, largely asymptomatic filovirus infections; ...

We explore the consequences of a deterministic microscopic thermostat-reservoir contact mechanism for hard disks where the collision rule at the boundary is modified. Numerical evidence and theoretical argument is given that suggests that an energy balance is achieved for a system of hard disks in contact with two reservoirs at equal temperatures. This system however produces entropy near the t...

this article aims at strategic vision to technology and suggests a strategic planning for this purpose. the main emphasis in this article is on strategic report compilation in the framework of strategic vision and covers issues such as identification of strategic planning dimensions and strategic vision levels, technology priority setting, environment monitoring, focus on costumer needs, method...

be from pipe and connection breaks rather than structural failure of distribution reservoirs (as long as the reservoirs have been designed for lateral loading). Most of the examples of storage tanks and distribution reservoirs impacted by the 1994 Northridge and 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquakes appear to have been of steel construction rather than of reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete ...

Based on percolation mechanism of fractured reservoirs and simulation technique, the numerical simulation software of fractured reservoirs has been developed on PC-Linux environment, which is on the basis of DQHY simulator of three dimensions and three phases. It can treat dual-porosity/singlepermeability and dual-porosity/dual-permeability model. The results of examples indicate that the perfo...

Gas reservoirs with low permeability (k<0.1 mD) are among the unconventional reservoirs and are commonly termed as "Tight Gas Reservoirs". In conventional gas reservoirs that have high permeability, the flow of gas is basically controlled by the reservoir permeability and it is calculated using the Darcy equation. In these reservoirs, gas flow due to gas diffusion is ignored compared to Dar...

For help in preparation of this article, thanks to Syed Ali, Chevron, Houston; and Jerome Maniere, Moscow. ECLIPSE 300, LFA (Live Fluid Analyzer for MDT tool), MDT (Modular Formation Dynamics Tester) and PVT Express are marks of Schlumberger. CHEARS is a mark of Chevron. Teflon is a mark of E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. How does a company optimize development of a gas-condensate field, when

The rocky innards of the Earth locally melt to produce magma, which sometimes erupts as cataclysmic explosions. The energy released by these eruptions is matched only by that of large meteorite impacts. Whether large pools of magma generate huge volcanic eruptions, whose volume and duration can have global consequences for humanity, or solidify slowly within the Earth’s crust to form plutons (b...

Quantization of the electromagnetic field inside a cavity in the presence of an isotropic dielectric medium investigated by replacing the dielectric medium with two independent reservoirs, i.e., electric and magnetic reservoirs. Both Maxwell and structural equations obtained through Heisenberg equations. Some examples indicating the applicability and simplicity of the approach considered. Black...