Depending on the geometric basis of measurement (gauge length), discrete strain sensors used in structural monitoring of civil engineering structures can be considered as short-gauge sensors or long-gauge sensors. Long-gauge sensors measure average strain over the gauge lengths and are used for global monitoring of structures, in particular, those built of inhomogeneous materials. However, the ...

Wirelessly interrogated surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors can operate passively and in harsh conditions reliably. The interrogation process of the signal measurement chain provides the power to excite the sensor and hence establish the sensors response in a passive manner. Development of wireless passive SAW sensors allows investigation of their potential to quantify physical measurands such ...

Magnetic shape memory properties of Ni-Mn-Ga single crystals were characterized by measurement of stress-induced martensite reorientation under constant magnetic fields. Also magnetic field-induced strain as a function of the applied magnetic field under different constant compressive stress levels has been investigated. All the experiments were performed at room temperature in which the sample...

The objective of this study was to assess the precision and accuracy of a nonproprietary, optical three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis system for the simultaneous measurement of soft tissue strains and joint kinematics. The system consisted of two high-resolution digital cameras and software for calculating the 3D coordinates of contrast markers. System precision was assessed by examining the...

Evaluation of elastic properties of major arteries is subject of great interest with respect to the development of vascular diseases. In this study changes in diameter and cross-sectional area, stress-strain elastic modulus and stiffness of the common carotid arteries in healthy and atherosclerotic women and men were evaluated by using indirect end pressure changes. Variations in diameter and c...

The Fibera 2000A Fiber Optic Monitoring System is a system that identifies defects occurred in a structure that can not be easily detected from its surface. The integrity of structures such as building, nuclear reactor, power plant, rapid transit system, oil pipe, aircraft, and bridge, etc. that are vitally important to our lives, can be closely monitored and issue warnings if a defect is occur...

The engineering design of structures using polymers requires a thorough knowledge of the basic principles of stress and strain analysis and measurement. Readers of this book should have a fundamental knowledge of stress and strain from a course in elementary solid mechanics and from an introductory course in materials. Therefore, we do not rigorously derive from first principles all the necessa...