The solid state reaction of 50 nm Ni with Si(100) substrate was investigated using in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD). sequence is simultaneous; it begins by δ-Ni2Si phase then the metastable θ-Ni2Si formed. Both phases grow simultaneously. growth mechanism non-stoichiometric discussed on basis evolution its XRD peak during annealing. results show that, growth, split into two regions different con...

Low cost single stoichiometric target sputtering of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) precursor has been adopted to fabricate CZTS solar cells. The effect of a series of deposition pressures and deposition durations on the device performance has been investigated. A 3.74% efficient solar cell has been achieved at a base pressure of 1 × 10−4 Torr with a stoichiometric target, which to the authors’ knowledge, is ...

3.1 Kinetic models and their dynamic behaviour in a nutshell Examples: Metabolic network; transport reactions; signaling system; gene expression Stoichiometric coefficients nir Stoichiometric coefficients denote the proportions, with which the molecules of substrates and products enter the biochemical reactions. One can summarise the stoichiometric coefficients in a matrix N. The rows refer to ...

The dependences of electrical conductivity, the Hall coefficient, Seebeck thermoelectric power factor and microhardness Bi2Se3 polycrystals on degree deviation from stoichiometry 59.9–60.0 at. % Se temperature (77–300 K) were obtained. samples exhibited n-type conductivity in studied ranges compositions temperatures. boundaries homogeneity region estimated. A non-monotonic behavior concentratio...

In this paper we propose a methodology to determine the structure of the pseudo-stoichiometric coefficient matrix K in a mass balance based model, i.e. the maximal number of biomasses that must be taken into account to reproduce an available data set. It consists in estimating the number of reactions that must be taken into account to represent the main mass transfer within the bioreactor. This...

We report the development of different types of oxygen sensors based on yittria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as a solid electrolyte. The conventional oxygen sensor is a concentration cell with two porous Pt electrodes, one of which is exposed to air as a constant (reference) oxygen concentration and the other is exposed to automobile exhaust gas of variable oxygen concentration, depending on the a...

Thermal decpmposition of 1.1-6.6 m aqueous perchloric acid at 295-322" yields oxygen, chlorine, and a small quantity of hydrochloric acid. The initial rates of decomposition have been measured, using a perchlorate ion activity electrode, and show 3.5 order dependence on the stoichiometric perchloric acid concentration; the corresponding rate coefficient and activation energy at 300.0" are 3.1 x...

LETER A R IC LE Abstract A method is proposed for nonlinear beam shaping, employing a non-collinear quasi phase-matched interaction in a crystal whose nonlinear coefficient is encoded by a computer generated hologram pattern. In this method the same axis is used for both satisfying the phase-matching requirements and encoding the holographic information, the result is a single shaped beam in th...