We revisit the theory of Kondo effect observed by a scanning-tunneling microscope (STM) for transition-metal atoms (TMAs) on noble-metal surfaces, including $d$ and $s$ orbitals TMA, surface bulk conduction states metal, their hopping to tip STM. Fitting experimentally STM differential conductance Co Cu(111) both feature near Fermi energy resonance below band, we conclude that senses mainly orb...

Shoot branching requires the establishment of new meristems harboring stem cells; this phenomenon raises questions about the precise regulation of meristematic fate. In seed plants, these new meristems initiate in leaf axils to enable lateral shoot branching. Using live-cell imaging of leaf axil cells, we show that the initiation of axillary meristems requires a meristematic cell population con...

Since 30 years, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) allows individual atoms or molecules to be observed. Amongst others, it is particularly well adapted to image molecular organizations at liquid/solid interfaces as it is already successful in imaging physisorbed self-assembled monolayer (SAM) structures adsorbed on graphite, highlighting a variety of physical, chemical, dynamical and electroni...

We performed STM-ENDOR experiments where the intensity of one of the hyperfine components detected in ESR-STM is recorded while an rf power is irradiated into the tunneling junction and its frequency is swept. When the latter frequency is near a nuclear transition a dip in ESR-STM signal is observed. This experiment was performed in three different systems: near surface SiC vacancies where the ...

This paper proposes a model for the short-term memory (STM) of unique lists of known items, as, for instance, a phone number. We show that the ability to accurately store such lists in STM depends strongly on interaction with the preexisting long-term memory (LTM) for individual items (e.g., digits). We have examined this interaction in computer simulations of a network based on physiologically...

Continuous organ formation from the shoot apical meristem requires the integration of two functions: a set of undifferentiated, pluripotent stem cells is maintained at the very tip of the meristem, while their daughter cells in the periphery initiate organ primordia. The homeobox genes WUSCHEL (WUS) and SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM) encode two major regulators of meristem formation and maintenance in...

The apical portion of the Arabidopsis globular stage embryo gives rise to the cotyledons and the shoot apical meristem (SAM). The SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) gene is required for SAM formation during embryogenesis and for SAM function throughout the lifetime of the plant. To more precisely define the development of molecular pattern in the apical portion of the embryo, and the role of the STM gene...

Soluble flagellin (sFliC) from Salmonella Typhimurium (STm) can induce a Th2 response to itself and coadministered antigens through ligation of TLR5. These properties suggest that sFliC could potentially modulate responses to Th1 antigens like live STm if both antigens are given concurrently. After coimmunization of mice with sFliC and STm there was a reduction in Th1 T cells (T-bet(+) IFN-γ(+)...

The capacity to keep multiple items in short-term memory (STM) improves over childhood and provides the foundation for the development of multiple cognitive abilities. The goal of this study was to measure the extent to which age differences in STM capacity are related to differences in task engagement during encoding. Children (n = 69, mean age = 10.6 years) and adults (n = 54, mean age = 27.5...

Short-term memory (STM) refers to the capacity-limited retention of information over a brief period of time, and working memory (WM) refers to the manipulation and use of that information to guide behavior. In recent years it has become apparent that STM and WM interact and overlap with other cognitive processes, including attention (the selection of a subset of information for further processi...