A balanced topology intervention algorithm based on energy-consumption optimization is presented in this paper. Multilayer sequence planning algorithm is firstly adopted to convert the nonlinear optimization problem into edge-stirring mechanism and node-stirring mechanism so as to independently optimize these sub-problems, and then the solutions of these problems are adopted to analyze the pote...

We periodically modulate a turbulent wind-tunnel flow with an active grid. We find a resonant enhancement of the mean turbulent dissipation rate at a modulation frequency which equals the large-eddy turnover rate. Thus, we find the best frequency to inject energy into a turbulent flow. The resonant response is characterized by the emergence of vortical structures in the flow and depends on the ...

The electrochemical behavior of thallium was studied on glassy carbon electrodes in sulfate solutions. Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the kinetics of the electrode processes and to determine the nature of the limiting step of the cathodic reduction of thallium ions. According to the dependence of current on stirring rate and scan rate, this process is diffusion limited. Chronocoulometry s...

To investigate quantitatively the effects of stirring on protein crystallization, a new stirring system which can agitate a protein solution, approximately 100 nl, by providing Hagen-Poiseuille flow has been successfully developed. In addition, this new stirring system provides flow with a well defined pattern and velocity. Using this system, hen egg-white lysozyme was crystallized in 100-200 n...

Constructive effects of noise in spatially extended systems have been well studied in static reaction-diffusion media. We study a noisy two-dimensional Fitz Hugh-Nagumo excitable model under the stirring of a chaotic flow. We find a regime where a noisy excitation can induce a coherent global excitation of the medium and a noise-sustained oscillation. Outside this regime, noisy excitation is ei...

A new concept for spinning unmagnetized plasma is demonstrated experimentally. Plasma is confined by an axisymmetric multicusp magnetic field and biased cathodes are used to drive currents and impart a torque in the magnetized edge. Measurements show that flow viscously couples momentum from the magnetized edge (where the plasma viscosity is small) into the unmagnetized core (where the viscosit...

Substances to be purified by dialysis are placed in collodion bags together with a toy "marble" or a bubble of air. The bags are stoppered and placed in glass tubes of a rocking machine. Distilled water of the desired temperature is circulated through the tubes (around the bags) at a rate of about 8 cc. per minute per bag while the machine is in motion. The rolling of the marbles or bubbles cau...

OBJECTIVES In situ formation of nanocrystals and dissolution profiles of fenofibrate (FFB) from a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) were characterized. METHODS SMEDDS formulated with Myritol and surfactant mixture (Smix) of D-α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) and either Tween 20 (A, C, E, G, M, S, N, T, O) or Tween 80 (B, D, F, H, P, U, Q, V, R) at vario...

The accelerated crucible r9tation technique (ACRT) has been applied to the THM growth of Hg I _xCdxTe crystals to grow the crystals at a higher rate. These higher growth rates, which should be achieved by extending the regions of convectional stirring towards the interfaces, have been used in an attempt to explain the results in terms of simple constitutional supercooling arguments. Some differ...

Stirring rates in heterogeneous catalytic reactions have an effect on reaction rates. When conducting small-scale surveys using a single central stir plate, reaction vessels in different positions experience slightly levels and patterns of agitation. We probed this by running the same 40 times, varying rate (fast/slow) and vial position two 3D printed holders. found variability conversion (meas...