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pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are rare clinical entities thai are associated with right to left shunts, and are often clinically presented by the triad of dyspnea, cyanosis, and digital clubbing. currently, transcatheter embolization of fistula is gaining increasing popularity as the superior therapeutic option. in certain situations, however, surgery is preferred. two cases of direct p...

background: the presence of donor leukocytes in recipients of organ allograft has been shown even several years after transplantation. however, it remains unclear whether this donor cell microchimerism plays an effective role in allograft acceptance or is simply a consequence of immunosuppressive conditions in recipients. objective: to study microchimerism in a group of kidney transplant recipi...