folded bandage102919 significantly different for folded and for rolled bandages (long, p < 0.001 and short p <0.01). Discussion. This study has confirmed that Esmarch bandages, whether tightly rolled or loosely folded, may not be properly sterilised by normal autoclaving and that there is a significant difference between the rolled and folded group. The causeoffailure is probably the thermal in...

Liquidity problems lie at the heart of crises on financial markets as demonstrated in this paper by detailed descriptions of the stock market crash in 1987, the LTCM-crisis in 1998 and the financial market consequences of 11 September 2001. The events also demonstrate that modern central banks, in particular the U.S. Federal Reserve under AlanGreenspan, provided emergency liquidity to limit the...

We created defects of standard size in the frontal bones of adult pigs and filled them with four different materials. On six occasions (at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 26 weeks), samples were harvested, and evaluated by computing microradiographic images. We examined the specimens histologically as controls. After insertion of anorganic materials, microradiographic evaluation was easy and precise, and t...

Dear Editor, Acanthamoeba species are opportunistic pathogens that can cause life-threatening diseases in the immunocompromised host. In healthy individuals, Acanthamoeba can cause ulcerating keratitis, which is associated with the use of improperly sterilised contact lenses, trauma or washing with contaminated water.1 Reports have shown that the defenses of a healthy host seemed sufficient to ...

The early Malaysian experience of laparoscopic sterilisation with the Fallope tubal rings, as undertaken at the Obstetrical and Gynaecological Unit of the University Hospital, University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia is reported in a study of 291 consecutive females that had had the procedure undertaken during the one year period, May 1975 to April 1976. Of the 291 cases, 247 women were s...

out of conviction or for opportunistic reasons, and obtained influence through university positions in return: the first German full professor in urology (Otto Ringleb (1875–1946)) was installed in 1937 at the Friedrich-Wilhelm University of Berlin. Ringleb was at that point in time also an SS-Obersturmführer. One of this book’s many strengths is that it lays emphasis on the practice and method...

• Food-borne botulism is caused by the ingestion of toxin produced by organisms in an anaerobic environment. It usually results from inadequately sterilised domestically canned or bottled foods. • Intestinal botulism is caused by the production in the gut of toxin by organisms which have been ingested and have proliferated. This form predominantly affects infants under a year old, often associa...

JAMESON, DRUMMOND and COWARD [1922] showed that a marine diatom, Nitzschia closterium W, Sm., synthesises vitamin A when grown in Miquel's solution or sterilised sea-water in diffused sunlight. This work was, however, open to the criticism that the culture, one supplied by Dr Allen, Plymouth, was not pure, having been found to contain bacteria. Hence it was decided to repeat the work on a cultu...

Sterilisation of demineralised bone matrix with ethylene oxide has been claimed to destroy the ability of bone matrix to induce new bone formation on intramuscular implantation. Other workers have routinely used ethylene oxide sterilised bone matrix for assays in rodents without detrimental effects. We studied the effects of various lengths of exposure to ethylene oxide gas, and found that bone...