In this investigation, a laser cladding process with a powder feeding was used to deposit stainless steel 410L (high strength, excellent resistance to abrasion and corrosion, and great laser compatibility) onto railhead (higher strength, heat treated hypereutectoid rail grade manufactured in accordance with the requirements of European standard EN 13674 Part 1 for R400HT grade), to investigate ...

Abstract Microstructure development is examined for a specialized spot weld that used as solid-state closure process austenitic stainless steel tubing, referred to pinch welding. In order elucidate the microstructural evolution of weld, series test welds were made at nominal conditions using tubing and production like components. These normally terminate after twelve cycles 60 Hz AC process. th...

12.7-mm thick plates of 6061-T6511 aluminum alloy and high hardness steel (528 HV) were successfully joined by a friction stir bonding process using a tungsten Process parameter variation experiments, which geometry, plunge and traverse rates, tool offset, spindle tilt, and rotation speed, were conducted to develop a parameter set which yielded a defect free joint. Laboratory tensile tests exhi...

The article considers etch pits that appear in metals and alloys during metallographic etching as an artifact. optical contrasting tools capabilities, such dark field, polarized light, differential interference contrast detecting pits, are demonstrated.

Threads and fibers of different origin are considered as artifacts sample preparation metallographic sections, well samples some materials. The role various methods optical contrasting – dark‑field illumination, polarized light in the analysis paper, natural artificial is illustrated. presented materials can be used by scientists to identify errors preparation, describe non‑traditional objects.