The catenary degree of an element s of a cancellative commutative monoid S is a nonnegative integer measuring the distance between the irreducible factorizations of s. The catenary degree of the monoid S, defined as the supremum over all catenary degrees occurring in S, has been heavily studied as an invariant of nonunique factorization. In this paper, we investigate the set C(S) of catenary de...

Iron ore and coal are the two major important raw materials being used in Iron making industries. Usually ore fines containing around 5% Alumina are rejected due to higher proportion of alumina. Therefore, a technology or process which may reduce the alumina content by 2% by beneficiation process will be highly attractive . In addition fine coals with ash content is used nearly 12% is directly ...

In the design process of a 2x25kV power supply, the location and sizing of autotransformers and the choice of the catenary type are usually two aspects very closely interrelated. As a result, the number of autotransformers can normally be reduced or augmented if the catenary is upgraded or downgraded respectively. In this paper, coupling equations between these two aspects are described in deta...

Two-interconnected fluidized bed systems are widely used in various processes such as Fisher-Tropsch, hot gas desulfurization, CO2 capture-regeneration with dry sorbent, chemical-looping combustion, sorption enhanced steam methane reforming, chemical-looping hydrogen generation system, and so on. However, most of two-interconnected fluidized beds systems require riser and/or pneumatic transport...

With high international oil price, the exhaustion of onshore resources and declination of oil and gas production in shallow sea, deep water has become the important succeeding area of worldwide oil and gas. During deepwater oil and gas development, riser must be used to isolate seawater, circulate drilling fluid, and compensate the heaving movements of the string and so on. However, with the op...

We construct an algorithmwhich computes the catenary and tame degree of a numerical semigroup. As an example we explicitly calculate the catenary and tame degree of numerical semigroups generated by arithmetical sequences in terms of their first element, the number of elements in the sequence and the difference between two consecutive elements of the sequence.

The pantograph current collector-catenary contact has been recognized as an established cause of permanent electromagnetic perturbation in a railway environment. In this paper the problems due to pantograph-catenary crawling are addressed. Introducing a suitable model for the radiating contacts, results in agreement with classical fields theory and with experimental measurements may be deduced....

Marine risers transporting unsteady multiphase flows may experience internal flow-induced vibrations depending on several flow-structure parameters. This study presents an experimental investigation of large-amplitude intermittent inclined bendable riser air-water flow that exhibits slug pattern. The has initial catenary profile with a length over diameter about 320. By using non-intrusive meas...

This work presents a fully three-dimensional methodology for the computational analysis of the interaction between catenary and pantographs. The finite element method is used to support the modeling of the catenary while a multibody dynamics methodology is applied to support the pantograph modeling. The contact between the two subsystems is described using a penalty contact formulation. An high...