Thermal recovery involves well-known processes such as steam injection (cyclic steam stimulation, steam drive, and steam-assisted gravity drainage), in situ combustion, and a more recent technique that consists of heating the reservoir with electrical energy. When high frequency is used for heating, it is called electromagnetic (EM) heating. The applications of EM heating for heavy-oil reservoi...

With decreasing amounts of conventional energy resources available, production of unconventional oil and gas has become an important new source of energy. Steamassisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is a widely used process, allowing the production of very heavy oils. The numerical simulation of SAGD, however, is complex and highly CPU/time intensive. Moreover, the economical cost of this process is ...