The ability of honey bees, Apis mellifra, to avoid returns to locations recently depleted of sugar solution (win-shift) or to return to locations recently depleted of sugar solution (win-stay) was tested. Bees collected sugar solution from a small matrix of six cells. During each of a series of trials, they first visited a randomly ‘determined set of three cells. They were then allowed to freel...

UNLABELLED Loss of muscle strength, flexibility, and balance are strong predictors of falls in the elderly. OBJECTIVES The goal of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of a 10-week, strength-based exercise program delivered by Extension professionals. METHODS Matched pair t tests were used to compare differences in five measures of fitness collected from 808 participants (mean...

background there are different risk factors that affect the intensive care unit (icu) stay after cardiac surgery. objectives the aim of this study was to evaluate possible risk factors influencing prolonged icu stay in a large referral hospital. patients and methods we conducted a case-control study to determinate causes of prolonged icu stay in 280 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery in ...

background: there are challenges ahead of short-term hospitalization of low-risk patients hospitalized only for monitoring of severe disease who may die soon after admission. the purpose of this study was to suggest strategies for the management of icu stay lengths and to ensure optimal use of icu resources.   methods: the study was conducted retrospectively on 246 patients admitted to 9 genera...

introduction: length of stay is one of the most important and most practical indices used in hospitals today and presents the performance and efficiency of the hospitals. on the other hand, hierarchical analysis technique, one of the group decision making techniques, is utilized to determine priorities. therefore, this study was conducted to identify the factors affecting length of stay in alza...

The goal of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of the 10-week, University of Missouri (MU) Extension strength training program Advanced Stay Strong, Stay Healthy (ASSSH). It was hypothesized that the program can improve strength, balance, agility, and flexibility-all physical measures of falling among seniors. Matched pair t tests were used to compare differences in five physica...

The goals for ambulatory surgery are rapid recovery with minimal side effects, adequate postoperative pain control, rapid patient discharge and overall cost containment. The addition of regional anaesthetic techniques has been shown to decrease nausea, postoperative pain scores and the need for post-anaesthesia care unit monitoring. The use of regional anaesthesia is increasing as studies confi...

We discuss the di culties of satisfying high-assurance system requirements without sacri cing system capabilities. To alleviate this problem, we show how trade-o s can be made to reduce the threat of covert channels. We also clarify certain concepts in the theory of covert channels. Traditionally, a covert channel's vulnerability was measured by the capacity. We show why a capacity analysis alo...