plant tissue culture techniques are used as basic requirement of common plant transformation systems. in most cases of plant transformation, a reproducible regeneration protocol is the limiting step due to long time lasting, specialized facilities and well experienced persons. furthermore, tissue culture procedures induce somaclonal variation among regenerated transgenic plants. therefore, rece...

From known phase diagram regions of different model Hamiltonians describing strongly correlated systems we deduced new domains of the ground state phase diagram of the same model by an unitary transformation. Different types of extended Hubbard Hamiltonians were used for the starting point and the existence of new stable spin-density wave, charge-density wave, ferromagnetic state and a paramagn...

The structural and mechanical response of metals is intimately connected to phase transformations. For instance, the product of a phase transformation (martensite) is responsible for the extraordinary range of strength and toughness of steel, making it a versatile and important structural material. Although abundant in metals and alloys, the discovery of new phase transformations is not current...

An SO(3) picture of the generalized Grover’s quantum searching algorithm,with arbitrary unitary transformation and with arbitrary phase rotations, is constructed. In this picture, any quantum search operation is a rotation in a 3 dimensional space. Exact formulas for the rotation angle and rotational axis are given. The probability of finding the marked state is just (z +1)/2, where z is the z-...

The Jordan-Wigner transformation is applied to study the ground state properties and dimerization transition in the J1 −J2 XXZ chain. We consider different solutions of the mean-field approximation for the transformed Hamiltonian. Ground state energy and the static structure factor are compared with complementary exact diagonalization and good agreement is found near the limit of the Majumdar-G...

The glaciation time of a mixed-phase cloud due to the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen mechanism is calculated using an adiabatic one-dimensional numerical model for the cases of zero, ascending, descending and oscillating vertical velocities. The characteristic values of the glaciation time are obtained for different concentrations of ice particles and liquid-water content. Steady state is not possi...

In this study, NiTi thin films were deposited on the glass and NaCl substrates by means of magnetron sputtering method. The influence of aging temperature, over the range 300-500 oC, on phase transformation and mechanical properties of the sputtered NiTi thin films were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and nano-indentation assay, respectively. The DSC curves showed that the ag...

Phase transformations that occur in both the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the fusion zone (FZ) of a carbon-manganese steel spot weld have been investigated using time-resolved X-ray diffraction (TRXRD) with time resolutions down to 50 ms. It is found that in both zones the gamma(f.c.c.) --> alpha(b.c.c.) transformation on cooling is twice as fast as the forward transformation of alpha --> gamma...