Electronic controls cannot always compensate for the destabilization of a poorly designed vehicle caused by tire delamination. Axle tramp caused from rubber strips on the track showed axle skate [1]. Further research, reported at ESV 2007 [2] demonstrated that lumps on a single rear tire caused 15+ degrees/g of oversteer. The Engineering Institute has shown that the process of tire delamination...

In this paper, we present a systematic design for gear shifting using a hybrid system approach. The longitudinal motion of the vehicle is regulated by a PI-controller that determines the required axle torque. The gear scheduling problem is modeled as a hybrid system and an optimization-based gear shifting strategy is introduced, which guarantees that the propulsion requirements are delivered wh...

Acid fuels the motion of a threaded ring A central goal in the construction of molecular-scale machines is the efficient achievement of oneway motion. Erbas-Cakmak et al. developed a class of machines that transmit pH changes into the two-stage guided motion of molecular rings threaded on a linear or cyclic axle. The design relies on temporary blocking groups and landing sites along the axle th...

in this study, stability control of a three-wheeled vehicle with two wheels on the front axle, a three-wheeled vehicle with two wheels on the rear axle, and a standard four-wheeled vehicle are compared. for vehicle dynamics control systems, the direct yaw moment control is considered as a suitable way of controlling the lateral motion of a vehicle during a severe driving maneuver. in accordance...

A cyclodextrin ring was face-selectively transferred between two stations linked by a 2-methylpyridinium group on an axle molecule.

There is a need for vehicles to maneuver when there are traffic jams, overcome narrow streets and various obstacles. This leads increased requirements dynamism maneuverability of vehicles.
 The authors present the results development research steering control vehicle, which provides maneuverability. Such circumstances significantly affect increase in wheeled vehicles, including tractors, u...

[2]- and [3]-rotaxanes with a tetraphenoxy perylene diimide core were synthesized. Hydrogen bonding between the wheel and the imide changes the optical properties of the perylene chromophore: the absorption and fluorescence spectra are red-shifted. The decay times of the rotaxanes are shorter in comparison with that of the axle. Single molecule fluorescence measurements reveal relatively narrow...

Over the past twenty years; road traffic (both passenger and freight) has grown significantly in Pakistan. Higher axle loads and repetitions have resulted in premature rutting of flexible pavements. Rutting, in the form of shear flow is a typical distress that mainly attributed to increased tire pressure, high temperature and heavy axle loads. Consequently, National Highway Authority (NHA), Pak...

We report a diverted route to [1]rotaxane and tris-branched [1]rotaxane that are devoid of any efficient template and which could not be obtained by classical straightforward strategies. The described chemical route relies on the utilization of a "macrocycle transporter", which is able first to bind a macrocycle, second to link temporarily a triazolium-containing molecular axle, and third to de...