Streptococcus suis is one of the major pathogens that cause economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. However, current bacterins only provide limited prophylactic protection in the field. An ideal vaccine against S. suis should protect pigs against the clinical diseases caused by multiple serotypes, or at least protect against the dominant serotype in a given geographic region. A new rec...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES A cyclic lipopeptide (CLP), surfactin produced by a strain of Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis (VCRC B471) was found to exhibit mosquitocidal activity. The present study was carried out to enhance the surfactin level using low cost material in the production medium. METHODS Two carbon sources, glucose and common sugar, and two nitrogen sources, ammonium nitrate and so...

There have been various emerging trends in the deployment of telecom networks recently. Due to liberalization and technological advancements a common core network for voice and data based on MPLS has been implemented by Telecom service providers. By offering a variety of data and multimedia services, the revenue generating process can also be maximized. The economic and regulation trends also h...

Overview Research networks are providing their users with dedicated network connections. Users want these connects to go through different domains, so the research networks are challenged to find valid network connections through multiple domains. The challenge arises if the different network domains use different technologies, and we have a multi-layer path finding problem. We will show that t...

The key to introducing CORBA-based object-oriented technologies in the real-time telecommunications signaling environment is to ensure interoperability by maintaining the existing, standard protocols using Signaling System No. 7 (SS7) for the external communication interface between telecommunication equipment. It is anticipated that there will initially be islands of CORBAbased implementations...

Large networks relying on real-time processing can be driven into unstable modes of operation (e.g., routing system failures, routing flaps, congestion and deadlock scenarios, system crash chain reactions, etc.). In the past, unintentional system faults have led to frame relay networks, SS7 signaling networks, and PSTNs going into unstable modes that have led to major service disruptions. A ser...

Congestion control in the signaling system number 7 (SS7) is a necessity to fulfil the requirements of a telecommunication network that satisfy customers’ requirements on quality of service. Heavy network load is an important source of customer dissatisfaction as congested networks result in deteriorated quality of service. With the introduction of a Congestion Control Mechanism (CCM), that ann...

The public switched telephone network (PSTN) is evolving from a closed network made up of specialized equipment into an open network employing many of the same components and protocols that are used in the Internet. The security vulnerabilities of the Internet are well known. The possible introduction of these vulnerabilities into the PSTN provides opportunities—for hackers to exploit the vulne...

The efficient and accurate control of spams on mobile handsets is an important problem. Mobile spam incurs a cost on a per-message basis, degrades normal cellular service, and is a nuisance and breach of privacy. It is also a popular enabler of mobile fraud. In countries such as South Korea and Japan, Mobile Spamming generates almost half of the total SMS traffic. In this paper we propose a nov...