Although its scale and social implications depend on the specific country or local situations, squatting is a global urban rural phenomenon associated with such humanitarian issues as justice, poverty environmental impact, well economic issues, rent seeking by certain groups. It can be sporadic massive. The state appears to deal former implementing legal rules latter policies. With regard gains...

Four-bar linkage mechanisms produced by many designers of knee joints for trans-femoral prostheses can provide knee rotation to permit walking only. In Afro-Asian countries people are accustomed to a squatting posture in their daily activities. A six-bar linkage knee-ankle mechanism trans-femoral prosthesis is described which was developed and fitted to an amputee. The motion patterns of the an...

This study proposes a squatting model that describes the relation between center of gravity velocity and lower limb muscle forces contribute to hip knee flexion-extension ankle dorsi-plantar flexion during squatting. Squatting exercises are experimentally monitored using 3D motion analysis system two force plates. Participants perform exercise with their feet shoulder-width apart without weight...

IOH (initial orthostatic hypotension) comprises symptoms of cerebral hypoperfusion caused by an abnormally large transient MAP (mean arterial pressure) decrease 5-15 s after arising from a supine, sitting or squatting position. Few treatment options are available. In the present study, we set out to test the hypothesis that LBMT (lower body muscle tensing) attenuates IOH after rising from squat...

Modern human femoral features might have appeared in the early Middle Stone Age (156 ka to 20 ka) in South Africa, as demonstrated by the recent re-examination of a human femur fossil found at the Blind River Site, East London in the 1930s, if new dating results hold. Two optically stimulated luminescence dates from the relocated original Blind River shallow marine/estuarine deposits that conta...